Corresponding author: Shunxiang Ren (
Academic editor: Harald Letsch
Eight new species of the subgenus
The subgenus
In this paper, eight new species are described and illustrated in detail, and a key to the Chinese species of the subgenus
Measurements were made using a micrometer attached to a dissecting microscope as follows: total length (TL), from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra; total width (TW), across both elytra at widest part; total height (TH), at highest part of elytra; elytral length (EL), along suture from base to apex including scutellum; elytral width (EW), equal to TW; pronotal length (PL), from the middle of anterior margin to the base of pronotum; pronotal width (PW), at widest part; head width (HW), at widest part including eyes.
External morphology was observed with a dissecting stereoscope (SteREO Discovery V20). Male and female genitalia were dissected, cleared in 10% solution of NaOH by boiling for several minutes, and examined on slides with an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. After examination, the genitalia were transferred to a small card covered with neutral balsam and pinned beneath the specimen. Photographs of the whole beetles and their genitalia were executed on digital cameras (Coolsnap-Pro
Morphological terminology use in this paper follows
This species is easily confused with several species having unicolourous reddish brown body in this subgenus, but can be recognized by the stout penis guide with a hook-like appendage at apex in lateral view (Fig.
TL: 2.31–2.43 mm, TW: 1.53–1.67 mm, TH: 0.98–1.04 mm, TL/TW: 1.46–1.51, PL/PW: 0.56–0.57, EL/EW: 1.13–1.16, HW/PW: 0.59–0.62, PW/EW: 0.73–0.74.
Body elongate oval, moderately convex, entirely reddish brown, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.51 times head width. Pronotal punctures as large as those on frons, 2.0–3.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.5–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout, unevenly sinuated (Fig.
Female unknown.
China (Gansu).
The species name is derived from the Latin adjective
This species is most similar to
TL: 2.20–2.48 mm, TW: 1.60–1.71 mm, TH: 1.06–1.18 mm, TL/TW: 1.38–1.45, PL/PW: 0.54–0.55, EL/EW: 1.06–1.09, HW/PW: 0.59–0.60, PW/EW: 0.70–0.75.
Body elongate oval, moderately convex, entirely reddish brown, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, slightly smaller than eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.49 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures much larger than those on pronotum, separated by 1.0–2.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, slightly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout (Fig.
Female similar to male except for sexual characters.
China (Tianjin).
This species is similar to
TL: 2.21–2.38 mm, TW: 1.58–1.71 mm, TH: 1.01–1.16 mm, TL/TW: 1.39–1.40, PL/PW: 0.51–0.52, EL/EW: 1.08–1.12, HW/PW: 0.56, PW/EW: 0.72.
Body elongate oval, moderately convex, entirely reddish brown, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.47 times head width. Pronotal punctures similar to those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2.5 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout (Fig.
Female externally similar to male but with abdominal ventrite 5 truncate apically.
China (Henan).
The specific epithet refers to its type locality, Laojieling National Nature Reserve, Henan Province.
This species is similar to
TL: 2.28–2.34 mm, TW: 1.58–1.71 mm, TH: 1.06–1.15 mm, TL/TW: 1.37–1.44, PL/PW: 0.51–0.53, EL/EW: 1.07–1.13, HW/PW: 0.60–0.61, PW/EW: 0.67–0.71.
Body oval, moderately convex, entirely reddish brown, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.49 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2.5 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, slightly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines strongly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis moderately stout (Fig.
Female similar to male except for sexual characters.
China (Anhui, Tibet).
The specific epithet refers to its penis with ring shaped apex.
This species is similar to
TL: 1.98–2.36 mm, TW: 1.39–1.66 mm, TH: 0.92–1.09 mm, TL/TW: 1.42, PL/PW: 0.50–0.55, EL/EW: 1.09–1.12, HW/PW: 0.59–0.60, PW/EW: 0.70–0.73.
Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.50 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.5–3.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures as large as those on pronotum, separated by 1.0–2.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2.3 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout and long (Fig.
Female externally similar to male but with abdominal ventrite 5 rounded apically.
China (Shanxi, Tianjin, Hunan, Guangdong).
The specific epithet refers to its paramere with a papilla on the inner side of the apical 1/3 length.
This species is similar to
TL: 2.16 mm, TW: 1.46 mm, TH: 0.97 mm, TL/TW: 1.48, PL/PW: 0.52, EL/EW: 1.14, HW/PW: 0.63, PW/EW: 0.71.
Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.49 times head width. Pronotal punctures larger than those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures similar to those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, slightly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis slender (Fig.
Female unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific epithet refers to its apex of paramere densely covered with two groups of long setae.
This species is similar to
TL: 2.18 mm, TW: 1.46 mm, TH: 0.98 mm, TL/TW: 1.49, PL/PW: 0.46, EL/EW: 1.20, HW/PW: 0.57, PW/EW: 0.77.
Body elongate oval, slightly convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Figs
Head with fine frontal punctures, slightly larger than eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.50 times head width. Pronotal punctures as large as those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process trapezoidal, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, extending to anterior margin of prosternum, slightly convergent anteriorly. Abdominal postcoxal lines strongly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout (Fig.
Female unknown.
China (Taiwan).
The specific epithet refers to its type locality, Shenmu Railway Station in Alishan Mountains, Taiwan.
This species is similar to
TL: 2.20–2.42 mm, TW: 1.52–1.67 mm, TH: 0.99–1.05 mm, TL/TW: 1.45, PL/PW: 0.51, EL/EW: 1.13–1.14, HW/PW: 0.56–0.58, PW/EW: 0.73–0.74.
Body oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig.
Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5–1.0 diameters apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.47 times head width. Pronotal punctures similar to those on frons, 1.0–2.0 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 2.0–3.0 diameters. Prosternal process rectangular, 2 times as long as its width at base; with lateral carinae distinct, parallel, extending to anterior margin of prosternum. Abdominal postcoxal lines strongly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig.
Male genitalia: penis stout (Fig.
Female unknown.
China (Sichuan).
The specific epithet refers to its type locality, Yanzigou Scenic Spots, Gonggashan National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province.
Distribution map.
Distribution map.
Distribution map.
Distribution map.
1 | Elytra reddish brown | 2 |
– | Elytra black | 9 |
2 | Penis guide not with parallel sided in ventral view | 3 |
– | Penis guide with parallel sided in ventral view | 6 |
3 | Parameres slender, slightly longer than penis guide (Fig. |
|
– | Parameres stout, distinctly shorter than penis guide; penis guide constricted medially | 4 |
4 | Penis capsule not emarginated medially; parameres broad, distinctly expanding toward apex | |
– | Penis capsule deeply emarginated medially | 5 |
5 | Parameres as long as 3/4 length of penis guide | |
– | Parameres as long as 1/2 length of penis guide (Fig. |
|
6 | Apex of penis stout with membranous appendage (Fig. |
|
– | Apex of penis slender without membranous appendage | 7 |
7 | Prosternal process rectangular | |
– | Prosternal process trapezoidal | 8 |
8 | Abdominal postcoxal lines strongly recurved laterally (Fig. |
|
– | Abdominal postcoxal lines weakly recurved laterally; parameres broad in lateral view | |
9 | Apex of parameres densely covered with one group of setae | 10 |
– | Apex of parameres densely covered with two groups of setae | 11 |
10 | On the inner side of paramere with a papilla bearing a stout seta at apical 1/3 length (Fig. |
|
– | On the inner side of paramere smooth, not with a papilla appendage | |
11 | Penis guide strongly curved in lateral view | 12 |
– | Penis guide straight or with apex slightly curved outwardly | 13 |
12 | Prosternal process with lateral carinae parallel | |
– | Prosternal process with lateral carinae convergent anteriorly | |
13 | Pronotum brown with a large black marking (Fig. |
|
– | Pronotum entirely brown | 14 |
14 | Penis capsule with outer arm narrow, sub-quadrate | |
– | Penis capsule with outer arm broad, truncate | 15 |
15 | Area enclosed by abdominal postcoxal lines relatively narrow | |
– | Area enclosed by abdominal postcoxal lines relatively broad (Fig. |
We are deeply indebted to Mr. Rashid Azad (South China Agricultural University, China), who helped to check the English text. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments and suggestions on our manuscript. The present study was supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2014A030310493), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (151800033) and the Science and Technology Partnership Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (KY201402014).