Corresponding author: Michael J. Sharkey (msharkey@uky.edu)
Academic editor: Ralph Peters
Based on cladistic analyses recently conducted by Sharkey and Chapman, the genus
COI divergence data COI data for each species. If a species has more than one terminal, both intra- and interspecific uncorrected p-distances are reported. Interspecific p-distances are to the nearest OTU in the COI tree (not shown). Values are averaged if two or more comparisons are made.
Species | Intraspecific variation | Interspecific variation | Nearest species |
---|---|---|---|
|
0.318% | 3.899% |
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– | 5.234% |
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– | 1.414% |
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– | 5.801% |
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– | 4.683% |
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0.491% | 5.2365% |
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0% | 1.514% |
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– | 0% | |
|
– | 5.801% |
|
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0% | 3.038% | |
|
– | 5.221% |
|
|
– | 6.428% |
|
|
– | 1.972% |
|
|
– | 1.414% |
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0.920% | 4.074% |
|
– | 0% |
|
|
|
– | 4.074% |
|
|
– | 1.514% |
|
|
– | 1.972% |
|
Links to species maps in this paper were generated from the Symbiota database. These are not static maps and as georeferenced specimens are added to the database, the maps will update in real time such that a reader following a map link will see a map of all of the specimens of the taxon at hand in the database, including those that may have been added after this paper is published. Clicking on the dots on these maps links to the specimen record in the database.
Tree of highest log-likelihood from 20
Below is a discussion of the taxonomy of
Most species can be recognized as members of this genus by the combination of finely microsculptured striae on
See
Hosts are unknown for all Thai species however there are records for three extra-
Australian, Ethiopian, Oceania, Oriental, and eastern Palearctic regions.
From the Greek
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Fore wing with a small infuscate area posterior to stigma.
Body length 5.6 mm. Ovipositor length 3.7 mm. Ovipositor 0.7× body length. Number of flagellomeres 32. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 4 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 10 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, about same size as pedicel length. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Chaiyaphum Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Head black; mesoscutum orange.
Body length 5.2 mm. Ovipositor length 3.5 mm. Ovipositor 0.7× body length. Number of flagellomeres 34 (32–39). Sculpture of notauli slightly increasing in width posteriorly but not extending onto lateral lobes of mesoscutum. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 7 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, not much larger than width of pedicel. Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
For a map of examined material, see:
Body length 4.9 mm. Ovipositor length/body length ratio = 0.8. Interantennal space with a flat triangular elevation that narrows to a short ridge posteriorly and then divides into two short indistinct carinae that approach the median ocellus. Antenna with 32 flagellomeres. Third labial (penultimate) palpomere minute, barely visible and much smaller than apical palpomere. Scutellar groove with 3 longitudinal ridges. Fore tibia lacking thickened spines; mid tibia with 3 pegs; hind tibia with 10 pegs.
Holotype female, THAILAND, Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP, car park, Pu Krathing waterfall,
For a map of examined material, see:
Mesoscutum black. Fore coxa mostly melanic. Hind femur melanic, brown to black.
Body length 4.5 mm. Ovipositor length 3.6 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length.
Number of flagellomeres 31. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 6 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, about same size as pedicel length. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Pa Hin Ngam National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Head mostly black; mesoscutum orange;
Body length 3.6 mm. Ovipositor length 2.8 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length. Number of flagellomeres 30. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 7 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter minute, about equal to width of pedicel. Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
Named after the type locality Mae Hong Song Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Pronotum melanic dorsomedially, concolorous with lateral surfaces of pronotum.
Scutellum sculpture smooth with punctures.
Body length 4.7 mm. Ovipositor length 3.7 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length. Number of flagellomeres 34. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 6 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, slightly larger than pedicel width (varying to minute and about the same size as width of pedicel). Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Doi Inthanon National park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Scutellar triangle rugose;
Body length 6.7 mm. Ovipositor length 6.4 mm. Ovipositor 1.0× body length. Number of flagellomeres broken after the 33rd flagellomere. Sculpture of notauli increasing in width posteriorly where it extends over onto lateral lobes of mesoscutum. Scutellum rugose. Mid tibia with 1 apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 7 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, about as large as pedicel length. Wing hyaline with weak infuscation posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Kaeng Krachan National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Clypeus melanic. Mesoscutum black. Scutellum sculpture smooth with punctures.
Body length 4.2 mm. Ovipositor length 3.1 mm. Ovipositor 0.7× body length. Number of flagellomeres 29. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 4 apical and 4 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 9 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter minute, about equal to width of pedicel. Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
Named after the type locality Lampang Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Subgenal groove poorly developed, shallow and narrow. Scutellum sculpture smooth with punctures. Mesoscutum black. Hind femur melanic. Fore wing not distinctly infuscate in apical half.
Body length 4.6 mm. Ovipositor length 4.7 mm. Ovipositor 1.0× body length. Number of flagellomeres 31. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 10 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter minute, about equal to width of pedicel. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Nong Bua Lampoo Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Ovipositor slightly more than 1/2 body length; scutellum rugose.
Body length 4.0 mm. Ovipositor length 2.3 mm. Ovipositor 0.6× body length. Number of flagellomeres 30. Sculpture of notauli increasing in width posteriorly where it extends over onto lateral lobes of mesoscutum. Scutellum rugose. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 4 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, smaller than pedicel length, but larger than pedicel width. Wing hyaline with a weak infuscate area posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Thung Salaeng Luang National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Head, prothorax and mesothorax yellow; ovipositor short, about 1/2 body length; scutellar triangle rugose.
Body length 4.1 mm. Ovipositor length 2.0 mm. Ovipositor 0.5× body length. Number of flagellomeres 34. Sculpture of notauli increasing in width posteriorly where it extends over onto lateral lobes of mesoscutum. Scutellum rugose. Mid tibia with no apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 5 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, about as high as pedicel. Wing hyaline, apical half of wing weakly infuscate, as is area posterior to stigma (infuscate areas may not be evident unless lighting is optimal).
Named after the type locality Pa Hin Ngam National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Scutellar triangle rugose.
Body length 3.2 mm. Ovipositor length 2.7 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length. Number of flagellomeres (26–28 in Thai specimens) incomplete in holotype. Sculpture of notauli increasing in width posteriorly where it extends over onto lateral lobes of mesoscutum. Scutellum rugose. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 6 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, almost as large as pedicel length. Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
For a map of examined material, see:
Fore wing clear basally, infuscate in apical half;
Body length 6.2 mm. Ovipositor length/body length ratio = 0.8. Interantennal space with a flat triangular elevation that narrows to a short ridge posteriorly and then divides into two short indistinct carinae that approach the median ocellus. Antenna with 35 flagellomeres. Third labial (penultimate) palpomere small, 1/3 as long as apical palpomere. Scutellar groove with 3 longitudinal ridg es. Fore tibia lacking thickened spines; mid tibia with 4 pegs; hind tibia with 8 pegs.
For a map of examined material, see:
Ovipositor longer than body;
Body length 3.6 mm. Ovipositor length 3.8 mm. Ovipositor 1.0× body length. Number of flagellomeres 33. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 7 apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 10 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, smaller than pedicel length, but larger than pedicel width. Wing mostly hyaline, weakly infuscate in distal half, not distinctly infuscate posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Petchaburi Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Scutellum smooth with punctures.
Body length 4.1 mm. Ovipositor length 3.2 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length. Number of flagellomeres 31. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 4 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 7 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, about same size as pedicel length (to 1/3 length of pedicel but always wider than pedicel). Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
Named after the type locality Doi Phahompokensis National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mesoscutum black. Fore wing with a small infuscate area posterior to stigma.
Body length 4.7. Ovipositor length 4.8. Ovipositor 1.0× body length. Number of flagellomeres 32. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2–3 apical and 4 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 8 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, smaller than pedicel length, but larger than pedicel width. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Phu Phan National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Fore wing without a small infuscate area posterior to stigma.
Body length 4.2 mm. Ovipositor length 2.8 mm. Ovipositor 0.7× body length. Number of flagellomeres 29. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 1 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 9 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, slightly smaller than pedicel length. Wing hyaline with a slight infuscation posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Sakaerat Experimental Station.
For a map of examined material, see:
Head black except clypeus and lower gena yellow,
Body length 3.6 mm. Ovipositor length 3.0 mm. Ovipositor 0.8× body length. Number of flagellomeres 29. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 2 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 6 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter minute, about equal to width of vein. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Sakon Nakhon Provence.
For a map of examined material, see:
Fore coxa yellow. Hind femur black.
Body length 5.4 mm. Ovipositor length 3.3 mm. Ovipositor 0.6× body length. Number of flagellomeres 31. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 2 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 8 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, smaller than pedicel length, but larger than pedicel width. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Hind femur yellow, hind coxa mostly yellow; hind tibia with many spines (9 or more).
Body length 3.6 mm. Ovipositor length 3.4 mm. Ovipositor 1.0× body length. Number of flagellomeres 29. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 11 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter large, larger than length of pedicel. Wing hyaline, without distinct infuscate areas.
Named after the type locality Namtok Mae Surin National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Fore and mid coxae mostly melanic; scutellar groove pale; area posterior to fore wing stigma distinctly infuscate.
Body length 6.1 mm. Ovipositor length 5.3 mm. Ovipositor 0.9× body length. Number of flagellomeres 34. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 4 apical and 4 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 9 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter minute, about equal to width of vein. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Pha Taem National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
Ovipositor longer than body.
Body length 4.5 mm. Ovipositor length 5.2 mm. Ovipositor 1.2× body length. Number of flagellomeres 31. Notauli sculpture not significantly wider posteriorly. Scutellum smooth with punctures. Mid tibia with 3 apical and 3 preapical spines. Hind tibia with 7 spines/pegs. Second submarginal cell diameter small, smaller than pedicel length, but larger than pedicel width. Wing hyaline with an infuscate patch posterior to stigma.
Named after the type locality Tat Tone National Park.
For a map of examined material, see:
We thank the staff at Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in Chaing Mai,
Specimens used in the phylogenetic analyses, including specimen numbers, and GenBank and BOLD accession numbers and rough geographical information.
Taxon name | Number | Country: Region | Type status | COI | 28S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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H1313 | USA: KY | ATRMK294-11 |
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H1484 | USA: WV | holotype | ATRMK309-11 |
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H1212 | USA: KY | holotype | ATRMK278-11 |
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H002 |
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H268 | holotype |
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H013 | holotype |
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H502 | holotype | ATRMK218-11 |
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H415 | holotype | ATRMK211-11 |
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H6020 | Mexico: Jalisco | ATRMK370-11 |
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H274 | holotype |
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H095 | holotype |
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H014 | – |
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H027 |
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H032 |
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H085 |
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H343 | – |
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H377 | – |
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H021 | paratype |
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H022 | paratype |
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H081 | paratype |
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H269 | holotype |
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H270 | paratype |
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H307 | paratype | ATRMK195-11 |
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H410 | paratype | – |
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H003 |
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H092 | – |
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H328 |
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H308 | paratype | – |
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H349 | paratype | – |
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H636 | holotype | ATRMK230-11 |
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H8008 | Sweden: Stockholms län | – |
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H015 | holotype |
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H577 | holotype | ATRMK223-11 |
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H055 | holotype | – |
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H376 | ATRMK204-11 |
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H906 | ATRMK261-11 |
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H1887 | South Africa: Western Cape | paratype | ATRMK334-11 |
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H433 | ATRMK430-11 |
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H664 | holotype | ATRMK235-11 |
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H162 | Uganda: Homa Bay | – |
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H2299 | Congo: Pool | – |
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H710 | holotype | ATRMK240-11 |
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H045 | paratype |
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H069 | paratype |
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H925 | holotype | ATRMK265-11 |
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H072 | holotype |
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H077 | paratype |
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H290 | paratype | ATRMK192-11 |
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H275 | holotype |
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H369 | holotype | – |
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H360 | holotype | ATRMK200-11 |
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H397 | paratype | ATRMK210-11 |
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H283 |
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H628 | ATRMK228-11 |
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H195 |
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H198 | USA: KY |
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H7618 | Mexico: Yucatan | ATRMK403-11 |
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H4428 | USA: KY | paratype | ATRMK364-11 |
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H033 | holotype |
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H067 |
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H089 |
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H1851 | – |
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H281 |
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H765 | ATRMK242-11 |
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H799 | – |
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H965 | ATRMK266-11 |
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H060 |
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H145 | – |
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H286 | ATRMK191-11 |
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H348 | ATRMK199-11 |
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H662 | ATRMK234-11 |
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H017 |
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H056 |
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H094 |
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H100 |
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H101 |
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H104 | – |
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H142 | – |
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H143 |
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H144 |
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H146 |
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H149 |
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H1855 | ATRMK501-11 | – | ||
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H603 | ATRMK226-11 |
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H677 | – |
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H985 | – |
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H689 | holotype | ATRMK238-11 |
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H660 | holotype | ATRMK233-11 |
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H080 | holotype |
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H492 | holotype | ATRMK217-11 |
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H237 | holotype |
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H989 | paratype | ATRMK271-11 |
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H121 | paratype |
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H122 | holotype |
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H650 | paratype | ATRMK232-11 |
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H1636 | paratype | ATRMK325-11 |
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H1859 | holotype | ATRMK329-11 |
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H1625 | holotype | ATRMK323-11 |
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H065 |
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H083 |
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H239 | – |
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H473 | holotype | ATRMK216-11 |
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H1858 | holotype | ATRMK328-11 |
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H091 | holotype |
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H2418 | holotype | ATRMK475-11 |
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H973 | paratype | ATRMK269-11 |
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H598 | holotype | ATRMK225-11 |
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H279 | holotype |
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H016 | holotype |
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H687 | – |
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H1860 | ATRMK330-11 |
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