New species , new synonymies and a new record of the genus Cryptogonus Mulsant , 1850 ( Coleoptera , Coccinellidae ) from China

Three new species of the genus Cryptogonus Mulsant, 1850 from China are described and illustrated: C. dulongjiangensis, C. fusiformis and C. reniformis Huo and Ren. Cryptogonus octoguttatus Mader, 1954 and C. kurosawai Sasaji, 1968 are recognized as syno nymous with C. schraiki Mader, 1933. Cryptogonus hingstoni Kapur, 1948 is newly recorded from China. A species list of the genus Cryptogonus is presented.


Introduction
The genus Cryptogonus belongs to Aspidimerini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).The Aspidimerini species are widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia.They are natural enemies of coccidae, aphidae, aleyrodidae and have important application value in the control of insect pests.
The genus Cryptogonus was erected by Mulsant (1850) with C. orbiculus (Gyllenhal, 1808) as the type species by monotypy.Weise (1900) separated the genera Cryptogonus and Aspidimerus Mulsant, 1850 from Scymnini based on the structure of male genitalia and erected the tribe Aspidimerini with Aspidimerus Mulsant, 1850 as the type genus.Kapur (1948) revised the tribe Aspidimerini and proposed two new genera: Pseudaspidimerus Kapur and Acarinus Kapur, and subdivided the genus Cryptogonus into six species groups based on the shape of prosternal carinae.In Kapur's revision, 19 Cryptogonus species were included, and then during the past several decades

Material and methods
All studied materials were deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University (SCAU).Type specimens designated in the current article were deposited in SCAU and the Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing.
Measurements were made using an ocular micrometer attached to a stereomicroscope (SteREO Discovery V20, Zeiss) as follows: (TL) total length, from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra; (TW) total width, across both elytra at widest part; (TH) total height, through the highest point of elytra to elytral outer margins; (HW) head width, including eyes; (PL) pronotal length, from middle of anterior margin to base of pronotum; (PW) pronotal width at widest part; (EL) elytral length, along suture, from apex to base including scutellum; (EW) elytral width, across both elytra at widest part; (ID) interocular distance, nearest distance between two eyes.Morphological terms follow Ślipiński (2007) and Ślipiński and Tomaszewska (2010) and are applied as in our previous studies on Chinese species of former Scymninae (e.g.Chen et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2014).
External morphology was observed with a stereomicroscope (SteREO Discovery V20, Zeiss Diagnosis.This species can be distinguished from other Cryptogonus species by its long penis, regularly narrowing to pointed apex, penis capsule with both branches very short (Fig. 1e).
Body rounded, densely covered with short pubescence, golden on head and pronotum and silver white on elytra (Fig. 1a-c).Head yellow in male and black in female, clypeus dark brown.Pronotum black except a triangular yellow spot at anterior corner in male.Scutellum and elytra black.Ventral side black except legs and abdomen partially yellow to dark brown.
Punctures on frons coarse and dense, 0.3-0.5 diameters apart.Punctures on pronotum and elytra fine and sparse, 1-3 diameters apart.Punctures on metaventrite fine and sparse at middle, 5 diameters apart, coarse and dense on both sides, 0.2 diameters apart.
Types.Holotype: Diagnosis.This species can be distinguished from other Cryptogonus species by its fusiform penis guide in ventral view (Fig. 2f).
Body rounded, densely covered with short, silver white pubescence (Fig. 2a-b).Base of head yellow, anterior part black and clypeus dark brown.Dorsum entirely black.Ventral side black except legs and abdomen partially reddish brown.
Punctures on frons dense and coarse, 0.5-1.0diameters apart.Punctures on pronotum and elytra fine and sparse, 2-4 diameters apart.Punctures on metaventrite fine and sparse at middle, 5 diameters apart, coarse and dense on both sides, 0.3 diameters apart.
Male genitalia.Penis long with apex pointed.Penis capsule with longer outer branch and short inner one.Tegminal strut slightly longer than tegmen.Parameres 2 times length of phallobase with apex densely setose (Fig. 2g).Penis guide, in lateral view strongly curved as S-shape, equivalent to parameres, in ventral view gradually broadening toward midlength, narrowing to pointed apex (Fig. 2f).
Body rounded, densely covered with short, silver white pubescence (Fig. 3a-c).Head yellowish in male and black in female, clypeus dark brown.Pronotum black except a triangular yellowish spot at anterior corner in male.Scutellum black.Elytra black with a reniform spot at middle (Fig. 3a).Underside black except legs partially yellowish.
Punctures on frons coarse and dense, 0.5-1.5 diameters apart.Punctures on pronotum and elytra fine and sparse, 2-4 diameters apart.Punctures on metaventrite fine and sparse at middle, 8 diameters apart, coarse and dense on both sides, 0.5 diameters apart.
Male genitalia.Penis long with apex trifurcate (Fig. 3h).Penis capsule with outer branch bigger than inner one, anterior margin deeply concave (Fig. 3g).Tegminal strut as long as tegmen.Parameres 2 times length of phallobase with apex sparsely setose (Fig. 3j).Penis guide, in lateral view gradually narrowing to pointed apex, a little longer than parameres, in ventral view 3 times as long as wide, slightly broadening to apical 1/3, gradually narrowing to rounded apex (Fig. 3i).
Etymology.The specific epithet is a Latin adjective referring to its reniform spot on elytra.
Remarks.Leopold Mader described C. schraiki Mader, 1933 from Sichuan, China with a brief description of elytral coloration (Fig. 4a-i).Kapur (1948) Pang and Mao (1979) reviewed C. schraiki and C. octoguttatus and illustrated their appearance and male genitalia, but didn't notice the similarities of these two species.
We examined these three species from China and found that they are just the same species with different elytral coloration.The elytral coloration is variable, from entirely black to entirely yellowish (Fig. 5a-l).Besides, we found the male genitalia of specimens are slightly different, even in the same coloration.Sometimes penis guide equal to, slightly longer or shorter than parameres.They are considered as individual differences.Material examined.205 specimens from China were examined (see the details in supplementary material).
Distribution.China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan).Cryptogonus hingstoni Kapur, 1948: 103;Kapur 1963: 24;Kovář 2007: 575.Remarks.Kapur (1948) described this species from Sikkim, India.Two specimens from Tibet, China match the description except coloration variation on elytra.In the   original description, the spots on sutural and middle part of the elytron distinctly larger than that on humeral callus, the spot on pronotum is oval.However, in the present specimens we examined, the spots on sutural and middle part are as large as that on humeral callus, the spot on pronotum is triangular (Fig. 6a-c).

reniformis Huo & Ren, sp. n.
The specific epithet is a Latin adjective referring to its fusiform penis guide in ventral view.
1 male, CHINA: Yunnan Prov.: reviewed this species and illustrated its appearance.Later, Mader described C. octoguttatus Mader, 1954 also from Sichuan, China, only with description of elytral coloration.Sasaji (1968) described C. kurosawai Sasaji, 1968 from Taiwan, China.Photographs of the holotype were available on the website of The Digital Museum of Natural & Science.