Revision of Iranian Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) with descriptions of two new species from Hormozgan province

The Iranian species of the genus Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 are revised based on morphological characters. The current work provides a key to species of Iranian Schoenlandella and species descriptions of two new species: S. angustigena Kang sp. nov. and S. latigena Kang sp. nov. This work results in increasing the number of Iranian Schoenlandella species from one to three species.


Introduction
The Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) is located in the Western Palearctic region, and 26 Holdridge life zones exist in the country (Sanjerehei 2014). Approximately 40% of the country is in the subtropical latitudinal region and ~80% of the country consists of periarid, semiarid, arid, and superarid life zones (Sanjerehei 2014). One of braconid subfamilies having the highest distribution in arid regions is Cardiochilinae Ashmead, 1900(Dangerfield et al. 1999. Nine species of Cardiochilinae have been recorded from Iran, including just one species of Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905, S. deserta (Telenga, 1955) (Gadallah and Ghahari 2019). Among cardiochiline genera, Schoenlandella has the most species in arid areas, especially in the Afrotropical and Australian regions. For example, in Egypt, seven species of Schoenlandella have been recorded, which account for ~13% of Schoenlandella species in the World (Edmardash et al. 2018). Despite the abundance of the members of the genus in other arid countries in the Afrotropical and Western Palearctic regions, no additional new species of Schoenlandella from Iran have been recorded.
In several collecting trips by the second author (AA) from 2013 to 2019, a total of forty cardiochiline specimens were collected. These specimens were sent to the first author (IK) and identified to the species-level using Dangerfield et al. (1999), Edmardash et al. (2018), Oltra and Falco (1997), and Telenga (1955). Fifteen specimens collected in Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran were confirmed as two new species of Schoenlandella based on morphological data. The characters of these two new species were compared with the characters of paratypes of two close Afrotropical species, S. testacea (Kriechbaumer, 1894) and S. variegata (Szépligeti, 1913). In the current paper, species descriptions of two new species are included along with images of diagnostic characters. Distribution maps of each species are created and provided.

Specimen information
Specimens used in the current work were collected by AA by Malaise traps from 2013 to 2019 in Hormozgan province ( Fig. 1), Iran, and paratypes of S. testacea (Kriechbaumer, 1894) and S. variegata (Szépligeti, 1913)

Morphological analysis
Morphological characters of all specimens were examined using a Leica MZ75 stereomicroscope. The morphological terms and terms for wing veins are based on Dangerfield et al. (1999), and Sharkey and Wharton (1997). Most terminology is available on the Hymenoptera Anatomy Consortium website (http://portal. hymao.org/projects/32/public/ontology/). The reference for terms of surface sculpturing used in the work is Harris (1979). Habitus photographs were taken using a Visionary Digital BK Plus imaging system (Dun, Inc.), equipped with a Canon EOS 5DS DSLR camera. The generated images were stacked using Zerene Stacker v.1.04 (Zerene Systems LLC.). Plates were prepared and edited using Adobe Photoshop CS 6 (Adobe Systems, Inc). Distribution maps of Schoenlandella species were created using QGIS 3.10.0 (QGIS Development Team 2019). Google maps were downloaded using the QuickMapServices plugin. Body parts of each species were measured via Adobe Photoshop CS 6 (Adobe Systems, Inc), and all measurements are given in millimeters. In the species descriptions, each number in parentheses indicates 0.01× the actual length, width, or height of each body part. For instance, 12 and 345 in parentheses (12:345) indicate 0.12 mm and 3.45 mm, respectively. The following acronyms are used: POL: distance between posterior ocelli, T1 (first metasomal tergum), T2 (second metasomal tergum), and T3 (third metasomal tergum).
Male. Same as female except for body length and coloration. The body length of male is slightly shorter than females. The medial mesonotal lobe and ventral mesopleuron are pale in the male specimen.
Color. All specimens are mostly pale, and the following areas are melanic: antenna, vertex, frons, apical mandible, galea, median mesonotal lobe (mostly), ventral mesopleuron, inner hind tibia apically, apical hind tarsus, and ovipositor sheath. Wings apically infuscate, stigma mostly melanic except for base. Five specimens have a melanic mesonotal lobe and a pale ventral mesopleuron, however they share all other morphological characters with other members of S. angustigena.

Discussion
The taxonomic status of Schoenlandella was discussed by Whitfield and Dangerfield (1997), Dangerfield et al. (1999), Mercado and Wharton (2003), Papp (2014), and Kang et al. (in prep.). Kang et al. (in prep.) treated Schoenlandella as a valid genus based on morphological data and using the phylogenetic data of Murphy et al. (2008). In Iran, members of S. deserta (Telenga, 1955) have been recorded only from Gulian province located in the north of Iran near the Azerbaijan-Iran border. From the samples collected in Hormozgan by AA, specimens of S. deserta were not found even though the species is distributed not only in Iran, but also in other countries. This may be a result of the mountainous nature of the region. The Zagros Mountain range stretches ~1,600 km from the northwest to the south of the country, and the Alborz Mountain range stretches from the northwest to the northeastern of Iran. These two mountain ranges may play an important role in restricting the distribution of S. deserta in Iran. Of course, further collecting is needed to confirm their absence.