Corresponding author: Zai-fu Xu (
Academic editor: Michael Ohl
The Chinese species of the genus
The genus
In China, eight species were previously recorded (
The current species number of
All specimens were examined and described under stereomicroscope (Leica MZ125). Photographs of specimens from South China Agricultural University
Morphological terminology follows =flagellomeres 1, 2, 3 =length/width =mid ocellar diameter =malar space, the shortest distance between base of mandible and margin of compound eye =oculo-ocellar line, the shortest distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye =pedicel =puncture diameter =the shortest distance between posterior ocelli =two black spots on metasomal sternite 2 =metasomal tergites 1, 2, 3 =transverse frontal carina
Types and other specimens are deposited in the following institutions:
Natural History Museum, London, UK
Entomology Institute, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
Entomology Institute, Hokkaido UniversityMuseum, Japan
Invertebrate collections of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, Poland
The Linnean Society of London, UK
National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France
Museum of Natural History of the Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
Museum of Natural History “G. Doria”, Genoa, Italy
Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria
Laboratory of Insect Systematics, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Natur-Museum Luzern, Switzerland
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan
Paolo Rosa Collection, Bernareggio, Italy
Hymenopteran Collection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
United States National Museum of Natural History, United States National Entomological Collection, Washington DC, USA
Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Specimens collected with Malaise traps or conserved in alcohol till they are completely dehydrated may change colours when they were prepared: blue metallic colour turns into dark blue, green turns into blue, yellow turns into greenish and red becomes more yellowish. Specimens collected by net and preserved in other way, usually change their colour less considerably. Most of the examined specimens have been collected on field by net.
Citations and synonyms in text are related to important works and relevant articles for the studied area. The material examined is listed with coordinates and depositories; in case of type specimens and other historical material examined in museums, data reported on different labels are separated from each other by a slash.
Head broader than high. Scapal basin concave, striate or punctate.
Species of
Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian Regions.
The key is mostly based on females. Males from China are known only for six species (
1 | Apex of T3 with five teeth ( |
2 |
– | Apex of T3 with three teeth ( |
3 |
2 | Vertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, mesopleuron, T1 and T2 laterally metallic coppery, in contrast with metallic blue body colouration (Figs |
|
– | Body metallic green to blue; T2 with greenish to golden or golden-red spot laterally (Figs |
|
3 | ||
– | 4 | |
4 | Tegula brown, without metallic reflection; if with feeble metallic reflection, then apex of T3 with blunt lateral teeth (Figs |
5 |
– | Tegula entirely with metallic reflection; if with feeble metallic reflection, then apex of T3 with sharp lateral teeth (Figs |
8 |
5 | Body robust, 7.0–10.0 mm in length; pit row of T3 with large and deep pits, sometimes fused (Figs |
6 |
– | Body slender, 4.0–7.0 mm in length; pit row of T3 with smaller shallow and separated pits (Figs |
7 |
6 | Body length 9.0–10.0 mm; in lateral view, distance from anterior margin of pit row to apical margin of median tooth >3 |
|
– | Body length 7.0–7.5 mm; in lateral view, distance from anterior margin of pit row to apical margin of median tooth=2 |
|
7 | Body usually dark green or blue, sometimes with blackish areas dorsally on mesosoma and metasoma, especially in males; Chinese specimens frequently blue with dark blue areas dorsally (Figs |
|
– | Body colour usually metallic green or light greenish-blue, with characteristic olive green to blackish mat areas on interspaces between punctures on pronotum, mesoscutum and on mesoscutellum antero-medially (Figs |
|
8 | T3 with convex interval between median tooth and lateral tooth (Figs |
|
– | T3 with straight to concave interval between median tooth and lateral tooth | 9 |
9 | 10 | |
– | 12 | |
10 | Body metallic blue without contrasting colour pattern (Figs |
|
– | Body metallic green-blue, with contrasting greenish to golden stripes laterally on metasoma; interval between median tooth and lateral tooth straight | 11 |
11 | ||
– | ||
12 | Scapal basin punctate (Fig. |
|
– | Scapal basin striate medially and punctate laterally (Fig. |
Black spots on S2.
Holotype, ♀: CHINA: Fujian, Fuzhou, Jingshan (
China (Fujian).
The specific name derives from Latin adjective
“EUROPE”: Lectotype / Lectotype ♂
Collected from April to October, possibly with more than one generation. In the West Palaearctic it is known as a parasitoid of crabronid wasps (
China (Liaoning, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Hebei, Hunan, Yunnan); widespread in the Holarctic Region (
CHINA: ♀, Formosa [= Taiwan] Sauter / Takao 1907 /
China (Taiwan); Philippines (new record).
The interpretation of
AUSTRALIA: Lectotype / ♀ / Australia /
China (Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan) (
ITALY: Schlanbusch (?)/ holotype / ♀/ Mus: T: Lund
China (Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Macao, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan) (
Similarly to
PHILIPPINES: ♀, Lucon / 275 /
China (Taiwan?, Hong Kong?) (
This species was reported for China (Hong Kong and Taiwan) by
CHINA: Lectotype ♀ (here designated): Chine <deposited in the Abeille de Perrin collection> / Lectotypus
China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Hunan); Middle East to China and Russian Far East (
The description of
UZBEKISTAN: ♀, Gouldscha Ferghana 1905 Korb /
China (Xinjiang, Ningxia), Uzbekistan; Afghanistan (new record).
VIETNAM: ♀, Tonkin China /
One specimen in
China (Fujian, Yunnan); Vietnam (
INDONESIA: 1♀,
China (Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan, Yunnan) (
Holotype, ♀: CHINA, Hainan, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve (
The paratype of
China (Hainan).
The specific name
INDONESIA: ♀, S Celebes [= Sulawesi] Bonthain C. Ribbe 1882 / 714-11 / ,
China (Hong Kong?), Laos (
Holotype, ♀: CHINA: Hubei, Jingmen, Jingshan (
China (Hubei, Hunan).
The species is named after the collector of holotype.
We are grateful to the following curators for their cooperation and assistance in the study of type material: Dr. Marco Bernasconi (