Research Article |
Corresponding author: Mariusz Kanturski ( kanturski.m@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Dominique Zimmermann
© 2014 Mariusz Kanturski, Karina Wieczorek, Łukasz Junkiert.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Kanturski M, Wieczorek K, Junkiert Ł (2014) A new oak-feeding species of Lachnus Burmeister and some remarks on the taxonomic status of L. chosoni Szelegiewicz (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Lachninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61(1): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.7746
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A new species, Lachnus pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n., associated with Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis is described and figured in detail from specimens collected in Turkey. The lectotype and paralectotypes of L. crassicornis, a species associated with Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis, are designated. The taxonomic position of L. chosoni, a poorly known species from Korea previously treated as a synonym of L. pallipes, is discussed. Morphological and biometric characters of the studied species are given. An identification key to species belonging to the “pallipes” group is provided.
Aphids, Lachninae , Quercus spp., taxonomy
The genus Lachnus Burmeister, 1835 comprises about 20 species associated with deciduous trees from the genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, Quercus (Fagaceae), Hippophae (Eleagnaceae), Salix (Salicaceae), Ficus (Moraceae) and Casuarina (Casuarinaceae) and living on the bark of tree trunks, branches or main roots (
The aim of this paper is to define the taxonomic status of the species belonging to the “pallipes” group. On the basis of the material deposited in the BMNH a new, hitherto unknown species is described. The lectotype and paralectotypes of L. crassicornis are designated. Based on a reinvestigation of the type material of L. chosoni deposited in the Zoological Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (ZMPA) the status of this species is discussed. An identification key to species belonging to the “pallipes” group is provided.
L. chosoni. Holotype: one apterous viviparous female, KOREA, Myohyang-san Mts. 05.VIII.1959, Quercus sp., no APH-4704 B. Pisarski & J. Prószyński leg. ZMPA. Paratypes. Same locality as holotype: two apterous viviparous females, no APH-4705, ZMPA.
L. crassicornis. Lectotype: one apterous viviparous female marked as 1, ISRAEL, Daphne, 28.IV.1945, Quercus ithaburensis (Univ. Jerusalem), no BM 1984-340a (present designation) BMNH. Paralectotypes. Same locality as lectotype: three apterous viviparous females marked as 2, 3, 4, no BM 1984-340a; four apterous viviparous females marked as 1, 2, 3, 4 no BM 1984-340b (present designation) BMNH.
L. pallipes. Three apterous viviparous females POLAND, Międzyzdroje, 10.VIII.1965, Fagus sylvatica, no R 2316, 2718, H. Szelegiewicz leg. (ZMPA), seven apterous viviparous females, POLAND, Borne Sulinowo, 26.VI.2012, Q. robur, no Ł56, Ł. Depa leg., four apterous viviparous females, SLOVAKIA, Palcmanska Masa, 02.VIII.2012, F. sylvatica, no L470, Ł. Depa leg. Department of Zoology, University of Silesia, Poland (UŚ)
The specimens were examined using the light microscope Nikon Ni-U. Drawings were made with a camera lucida. Measurements are given in mm (
Measurements (in mm) of apterous viviparous females (n = 8) Lachnus pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n. from the type material. Measurements of the holotype bolded.
Character | Apterous viviparous females | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length of body | 3.60 | 3.20 | 3.05 | 3.00 | 2.62 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.95 |
Maximal width of body | 2.25 | 1.77 | 1.65 | 1.52 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.55 | 1.55 |
Head width across compound eyes | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.72 |
Length of antennae | 1.60 | 1.51 | 1.52 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.33 |
Length of antennal segment III | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.56 |
segment IV | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
segment V | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.26 |
segment VIa | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
segment VIb | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Length of rostrum | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 1.62 | 1.80 | 1.90 |
Length of apical segment of rostrum | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
Length of hind femora | 1.35 | 1.30 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.25 |
Length of hind tibiae | 2.55 | 2.47 | 2.50 | 2.30 | 2.17 | 2.27 | 2.20 | 2.37 |
Length of hind tarsi segm. I | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
Length of hind tarsi segm. II | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.22 |
Siphuncular sclerite diameter | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.18 |
Siphuncular cone diameter | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
Subgenital plate length | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
Subgenital plate width | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.48 |
The main morphological and biometric differences among Lachnus crassicornis and L. pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n. BL – body length, HLL – hind leg length, AL – antennae length, ANT VI – antennal segment VI length, ANT III – antennal segment III length, HT I – first segment of hind tarsus length, HT II – second segment of hind tarsus length.
Character | Lachnus crassicornis | Lachnus pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n. |
---|---|---|
Dorsal chaetotaxy | Thorax and abdomen very densely covered by very thin, fine and pointed setae, 0.037–0.050 mm long | Thorax and abdomen covered by very short, inconspicuous setae, arranged in 3–4 rows on each segment with blunt, capitate, spatulate or club-shaped apices, 0.010–0.020 mm long |
Head setae | As long as setae on antennae, fine with pointed apices | Shorter than setae on antennae, slightly thick and forked |
Antennae | Antennal segments swollen | Antennal segments not swollen |
Siphunculi | Siphuncular sclerites very low, siphunculi almost poriform, with little-developed flange with 2–3 rows of polygonal reticulation | Siphuncular sclerites well-developed, with very well-developed flange with 8–10 rows of polygonal reticulation |
Abdominal cuticle | Smooth | Wrinkled or reticulated |
Hind tibiae chaetotaxy | Some setae on distal part of tibiae 3–4 times longer than other setae, 0.14–0.15 mm long | Some setae on distal part of tibiae 4–5 times longer than other setae, 0.17– 0.22 mm long |
HT I setae | 12 | 14 |
HLL/BL | 1.47–1.68 | 1.18–1.45 |
AL/BL | 0.57–0.64 | 0.44–0.53 |
ANT VI/ANT III | 0.19–0.25 | 0.25–0.31 |
HT II/ANT III | 0.27–0.36 | 0.36–0.45 |
The holotype and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Natural History Museum London, UK, (BMNH). Paratypes will be also deposited in the aphids collection of the Department of Zoology, University of Silesia, Poland (UŚ).
Apterous viviparous female. Colour in life unknown. Pigmentation of mounted specimens: head, pronotum and mesonotum sclerotised, covered by light brown sclerotic shield. Antennal segments light brown. Fore and middle femora light brown, hind femora brown with pale proximal area to about ¼ length. Tibiae from proximal part to about ½ length and on distal parts brown, otherwise yellowish (
Main differences in pigmentation and chaetotaxy of hind tibiae and size of siphuncular sclerites among apterous viviparous females of the “pallipes” group: (a, e) Lachnus pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n., (b, f) L. crassicornis, (c, g) L. pallipes, (d, h) L. chosoni, (i) small mesosternal tubercles of L. chosoni.
The new species can be distinguished from L. crassicornis as well as from the other Lachnus species by the sparse dorsal chaetotaxy and extremely short, inconspicuous setae with blunt, slightly spatulate, capitate or club-shaped apices. The new species is also characterised by siphunculi with a very well-developed and almost transparent flange with 8–10 rows of polygonal reticulation. Main morphological and biometric differences between L. pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n. and L. crassicornis are given in
The name of the new species is derived from characteristically short and inconspicuous setae on the dorsal part of the thorax and the abdomen.
The species live on branches and shoots of Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt. (= Q. aegilops) and is visited by the ant species Liometopum microcephalum (Panzer, 1798) (
Turkey, Uşak-Eşme.
Holotype: one apterous viviparous female marked as 1. TURKEY, Uşak-Eşme, 850 m, 10.VI.1964, no 731/64, 45a1, M. Canakçioglu leg. BMNH.
Paratypes. Same locality as holotype: one apterous viviparous female marked as 2, no 731/64, 45a1; four apterous viviparous female marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, no 731/64, 45a2 BMHN; four apterous viviparous female marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, no 731/64, 45a3 UŚ.
Other material examined: 22 apterous viviparous females, same locality as holotype: no 731/64, 45a4–45a9 BMHN.
1 | Siphunculi almost poriform with almost invisible sclerites ( |
Lachnus crassicornis Hille Ris Lambers |
– | Siphunculi with well-developed sclerites ( |
2 |
2 | Dorsal abdominal setae short and inconspicuous (max 0.02 mm) with blunt, capitate or club-shaped apices, and arising from large, ring-like bases ( |
Lachnus pseudonudus Kanturski & Wieczorek, sp. n. |
– | Setae on dorsal side of abdomen always longer than 0.037 mm and pointed, not arising from large, ring-like bases | 3 |
3 | Hind tibiae brown on distal and proximal parts with pale area for about 1/3 of length ( |
Lachnus pallipes Hartig |
– | Hind tibiae with distal part uniformly dark brown and proximal part paler ( |
Lachnus chosoni Szelegiewicz |
The Fagaceae-feeding species of the genus Lachnus form morphologically related groups (
Similarly, L. chosoni is a rare aphid species, which is known only from the type locality in Myohyang-san (Korea) and all material, including the types, comprises three apterous viviparous females. Although
The main morphological and biometric differences among Lachnus chosoni and L. pallipes. BL – body length, HLL – hind leg length, ARS – apical rostrum segment, HT II – second segment of hind tarsus, HT I – first segment of hind tarsus.
Character | Lachnus chosoni | Lachnus pallipes |
---|---|---|
ant. segm. VI/ant. segm. III | 0.25–0.31 | 0.21–0.24 |
ant. segm.V/ant. segm. III | 0.34–0.40 | 0.40–0.41 |
ant. segm. IV/ant. segm. V | 1.00 -1.10 | 0.78–0.96 |
BL/HLL | 0.65–0.68 | 0.74–0.83 |
HLL/BL | 1.45–1.52 | 1.19–1.34 |
ARS/HT II | 0.79–0.84 | 0.96–1.00 |
ARS/ant. segm. VI | 1.00–1.06 | 1.26–1.38 |
Siphuncular sclerite diameter | 0.24–0.24 | 0.15–0.20 |
HT I basal/HT I ventral | 0.29–0.33 | 0.33–0.40 |
HT I basal/HT I intersegmental | 0.50–0.52 | 0.60–0.66 |
HT II/ant. segm. III | 0.34–0.37 | 0.30–0.33 |
Hind tibiae setae length | 0.12–0.14 | 0.15–0.16 |
Mesosternal tubercles | Present but very small | Absent |
Hind tibiae | Uniformly dark brown with paler proximal part | Brown on distal and proximal parts with pale area for about 1/3 of length |
The authors are sincerely grateful to Roger L. Blackman, Diana M. Percy and Paul A. Brown, Natural History Museum, London for their kindly help during the visit in the collection. We are very grateful to the Reviewers and the Editor for all valuable suggestions and comments that have improved the manuscript.