Cercyon (Himalcercyon) mirus Hebauer, 2002.

Dorsal surface pubescent; anterior margin of clypeus rounded; frontoclypeal suture not forming transverse ridge between eyes; eyes small, separated 5–6× the width of one eye; prosternum strongly carinate medially, without ridge demarcating median portion from lateral portions (Figs 2D, 3B); antennal grooves distinct, well demarcated laterally, not reaching lateral margins of prothorax (Figs 2D, 3B); mesoventrite bearing hydrofuge pubescence; mesoventral elevation arrowhead-shaped, widely attaching metaventral process (Figs 2F, 3C), cavities for reception of procoxae ending far anterior to mesocoxae (Figs 2F, 3C); metaventrite with a pentagonal posteromedian glabrous area weakly projecting anteriorly between mesocoxae; femoral lines absent; anterolateral transverse arcuate ridge absent (Fig. 2E); each elytron with 10 striae (Figs 1A, B, E, F, 3H); first abdominal ventrite carinate throughout (Fig. 2A); last abdominal ventrite with a glabrous apical area (Fig. 2A); median lobe deeply inserted into phallobase (Fig. 1C, G); median portion of sternite IX tongue-shaped (Fig. 1D, H).

Body broadly oval and moderately convex; body outline not interrupted between pronotum and elytra.

Figure 1. 

Habitus and genital morphology of Himalcercyon species. A–D. H. mirus (A, B. Paratypes; C, D. Holotype). E–H. H. franzi sp. nov. (E, F. Paratypes; G, H. Holotype). A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Aedeagus in dorsal view; D, H. Sternite IX in dorsal view.

Head. Excised in front of eyes laterally, antennal base exposed. Labrum concealed under clypeus, not exposed dorsally. Clypeus not deflexed, truncate anteriorly, without anterolateral extensions; anterior margin narrowly beaded. Frontoclypeal suture obsolete, only visible as impunctate bar. Frons with even surface. Eyes rather small, rounded, projected laterally; interocular distance ca 5–6× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Dorsal punctation of head consisting of punctures each bearing a long seta. Maxillary palpus slightly longer than half of width of head, with ventral sucking disc in male; palpomere 2 strongly swollen, longer than palpomere 3; palpomere 4 symmetrical, slightly shorter than palpomere 2, but longer than palpomere 3. Mentum ca 2.1–2.4× as wide as long, trapezoidal, anterior margin not emarginate medially (Figs 2B, 3A). Labial palpomere 3 slightly longer and as broad as palpomere 2, symmetrical. Gula well developed throughout, wide posteriorly, moderately narrowed anteriorly. Antennae with nine antennomeres, ca 0.7× width of head; scape a little longer than antennomeres 2–6 combined; club compact, pubescent, ca 2× as long as wide (Fig. 3D), slightly longer than scape.

Figure 2. 

Morphology of Himalcercyon mirus (Hebauer, 2002). A. Complete ventral view. B. Mentum. C. Prosternal carina in ventrolateral view. D. Prosternum and hypomeron. E. Meso- and metaventrite. F. Details of mesoventral plate.

Prothorax. Pronotum relatively short and transverse, widest at base; surface smooth, punctation consisting of setiferous punctures, all punctures of the same size and shape; transverse series of punctures along posterior margin absent. Prosternum well developed, slightly tectiform, strongly carinate medially, without elevated median portion or ridge demarcating median portion from lateral parts (Figs 2D, 3C); antennal grooves distinct, well demarcated, arcuate laterally, not reaching lateral margins of prothorax (Figs 2D, 3B). Prosternal process reaching midpoint of procoxae, not bifurcate apically (Fig. 2D).

Mesothorax. Mesoventrite fused to mesepisterna, bearing hydrofuge pubescence; median portion abruptly raised in posterior half to form arrowhead-shaped elevation (Figs 2E, F, 3C), its surface pubescent; cavities for reception of procoxae ended well before mesocoxae (Figs 2E, F, 3C). Each elytron with 10 punctate striae (Figs 1A, B, E, F, 3H), striae sharply impressed. Interval punctation consisting of setiferous punctures (Fig. 3G). Scutellar shield small, triangular.

Metathorax. Metaventrite moderately raised medially, forming a bare pentagonal area weakly projected anteriorly between mesocoxae (Figs 2E, 3F); lateral portions with coarse punctures, bearing fine hydrofuge pubescence (Fig. 2E). Anterolateral ridge absent; femoral lines absent (Fig. 2E). Metepisterna subparallel, ca 6.5× as long as wide. Hind wings well developed, ca 2.4× as long as wide; r-m-crossvein rising from base of radial cell; cubital spur rising from apex of M-Cu loop; m-crossvein vestigial; basal cell elongate, wedge cell absent; anal lobe weakly developed.

Legs. Coxae partly with hydrofuge pubescence, mesocoxae moderately separated (Fig. 2A). Femora with tibial grooves demarcated by ventral and dorsal ridges; ventral face of pro- and mesofemora glabrous, metafemora with fine microsculpture consisting of transverse lines. Tibiae weakly, gradually widened from base to apices, with fine and sparse lateral spines. Tarsi with five tarsomeres, with dense and short setae ventrally. Meso- and metatarsi with tarsomere 1 ca 2× as long as tarsomere 2 (Fig. 3E), tarsomere 5 slightly shorter than tarsomere 1; claws small and moderately curved (Fig. 3E).

Abdomen with five ventrites covered by fine hydrofuge pubescence; ventrite 1 2× as long as ventrite 2, strongly carinate throughout (Fig. 2A); posterior margin of ventrite 5 simply rounded, with an apical glabrous area. Aedeagus (Fig. 1C, G) of the Cercyon type, i.e. with median lobe reaching deeply into phallobase in natural position; parameres ca 2× as long as phallobase, with transversely bent apices; phallobase with asymmetrical basis (manubrium). Median part of sternite IX not reduced, forming a broad tongue-shaped structure (Fig. 1D, H).

Figure 3. 

Morphology of Himalcercyon franzi sp. nov. A. Mentum. B. Prosternum and hypomeron. C. Mesoventral elevation. D. Antenna. E. Mesotarsus, ventral view. F. Median portion of metaventrite. G. Elytral punctation. H. Elytral apex.

Hebauer (2002a) proposed Himalcercyon as a subgenus of Cercyon, mentioning that it corresponds to Cercyon in all characters except for the shape of the mesoventral plate. The form of the mesoventral elevation is one of most important generic characters in the Megasternini, and clearly differentiates both Himalcercyon species from all other members of the genus Cercyon. Both species of Himalcercyon are very similar to each other in all important characters and in the general form of male genitalia, indicating that they are likely closely related. Moreover, both species occur in the Himalayas. All of this supports Himalcercyon as a monophyletic clade that differs from Cercyon, as well as other megasternine genera, in the character currently considered as crucial at the generic level. For this reason, we elevate Himalcercyon to genus rank. See Diagnosis for the characters distinguishing Himalcercyon from other megasternine genera, and the identification key for a comparison of Himalcercyon with other Asian Megasternini.

Figure 4. 

Known distribution of Himalcercyon: Circles. H. mirus (Hebauer); Square. H. franzi sp. nov. Color shading of the map indicated altitude: green = lowest, brown = highest.

China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Motuo County, track from Dayandong to Hanmi, 2200–2400 m a.s.l. [GPS ca 29.4283N, 95.0498E].

Holotype: CHINA ● 1 ♂; Xizang, Motuo County, Dayandong-Hanmi; 2200–2400 m a.s.l.; 13 Aug 2005, Tang Liang leg.; SYSU [verbatim label data: „CHINA, Xizang, Motuo Coun., Dayandong-Hanmi, alt. 2200–2400 m, 13.viii.2005, TANG Liang leg.”].

Paratypes: CHINA ● 9; same data as for holotype; SYSU ● 4; Xizang, Motuo County, Nage-Dayandong; 2900–3300 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug 2005; Tang Liang lgt.; SYSU ● 1; Xizang, Motuo County, Nage-Dayandong; 2900–3300 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug 2005; Tang Liang lgt.; NMPC.

Form and color. Body size 2.5–2.8 mm (2.6 mm in holotype), body width 1.5–1.7 mm (1.55 mm in holotype), widest at anterior third of elytra, arcuately narrowing posteriad (Fig. 1E). Dorsum dark brown; head of some specimens with paler clypeus; pronotal lateral margins yellow brown; elytral apices and posterior half of lateral elytral margins slightly paler; epipleuron reddish brown; antenna, maxillary and labial palpi reddish brown; legs reddish brown, with darker femora.

Head. Clypeus with moderately dense fine setiferous punctures, smooth between punctures. Frons with punctures coarser and somewhat denser than those on clypeus, smooth between punctures. Mentum 2× wider than long, rugose, with dense coarse punctures (Fig. 3A), slightly concave anteriorly. Antenna with pedicel ca 0.2× as long as scape, pedicel ca. as long as antennomeres 3 and 4 combined, cupule small (Fig. 3D).

Thorax. Pronotum with punctation similar to that on frons, interstices without microsculpture; lateral marginal bead shortly overlapping to anterior margin but not to posterior margin, stopping at posterior angle. Scutellar shield smooth, with three to five punctures. Elytral striae sharply impressed (Figs 1E–F), striae 6, 8, and 9 not reaching base; intervals with much finer and sparser punctures than on pronotum, each interval puncture bearing a fine short seta (Fig. 3G), interstices between punctures smooth. Epipleuron with bare outer and pubescent inner portion delimited from each other by a fine ridge, inner pubescent part narrower than the outer part, reaching the level of posterior part of metaventrite. Mesoventral elevation arrowhead-shaped, ca 2.0× longer than wide, densely pubescent (Fig. 3C). Metaventrite with large median elevation, finely and sparsely punctate (Fig. 3F), interstices without microsculpture; lateral portions microsculptured with sparse coarse punctures and dense pubescence. Legs with trochanters densely pubescent, femora with sparse and moderately coarse punctures, interstice between punctures with fine microsculpture consisting of transverse lines.

Male genitalia. Middle lobe of abdominal sternite IX wide, shorter than lateral struts (Fig. 1H). Aedeagus (Fig. 1G) with median lobe ca 0.8× as long as tegmen; paramere ca 1.5× as long as phallobase. Paramere gradually narrowed from base to apex, truncate apically, widened inwards to form a process with a few setae. Median lobe broader than paramere, gradually narrowing in apical third, apex pointed, gonopore subapical.

The species is named after Dr Franz Hebauer, a German taxonomist of the Hydrophiloidea who recognized and described Himalcercyon as a subgenus of Cercyon.

Only known from the type locality in the eastern Himalaya (Motuo county, Xizang Autonomous Region, China) (Fig. 4).

Nepal, Kathmandu district, Sheopuri Mt., 2100–2300 m a.s.l. [GPS ca 27.816672N, 85.400000E].

Holotype: NEPAL ● 1 ♂; Kathmandu Distr. Sheopuri Mt.; 2100–2300 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun 1988; W. Schawaller leg.; SMNS.

Paratypes: NEPAL ● 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; SMNS ● 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NMPC ● 1 ♀; Annapurna, Telbrung Danda; 2600–2800 m a.s.l.; 13 Jun 1997; Schmidt leg.; SMNS.

Form and color. Body size 3.1–3.5 mm (3.4 mm in holotype), body width 2.0–2.1 mm (2.0 mm in holotype), widest at anterior third of elytra, weakly narrowing posteriad (Fig. 1A). Dorsum pitchy-brown to black; head with paler clypeus; pronotal margins brown; elytral apices and posterior half of lateral elytral margins brownish; epipleuron pitchy brown laterally, reddish mesally; antenna, maxillary and labial palpi brown to reddish brown; legs reddish brown, with darker femora.

Head. Clypeus with moderately dense fine setiferous semicircular punctures, smooth between punctures. Frons with punctures of the same size and density as those on clypeus, smooth between punctures. Mentum 1.4× wider than long, rugose, with dense punctures (Fig. 2B), slightly concave anteriorly. Antenna with pedicel ca 0.2× as long as scape, pedicel ca. as long as antennomeres 3 and 4 combined, cupule small.

Thorax. Pronotum with punctation similar to that on frons, interstices without microsculpture; lateral marginal bead shortly overlapping to anterior margin but not to posterior margin, stopping at posterior angle. Scutellar shield smooth, with five to seven punctures. Elytral striae sharply impressed (Fig. 1A), striae 6, 8, and 9 not reaching base; intervals with finer and sparser punctures than on pronotum, each puncture bearing a fine short seta, interstices between punctures smooth. Epipleuron with bare outer and pubescent inner portion delimited from each other by a fine ridge, inner pubescent part narrower than the outer part, reaching the level of posterior part of metaventrite (Fig. 1A). Mesoventral elevation arrowhead-shaped, ca 1.5× longer than wide, sparsely pubescent (Fig. 2F). Metaventrite with large median elevation, finely and sparsely punctate (Fig. 2E), interstices without microsculpture; lateral portions microsculptured, with sparse coarse punctures and dense pubescence. Legs with trochanters densely pubescent, femora with sparse and moderately coarse punctures, interstice between punctures with fine microsculpture consisting of transverse lines.

Male genitalia. Middle lobe of abdominal sternite IX narrow, shorter than lateral struts (Fig. 1D). Aedeagus (Fig. 1C) with median lobe ca as long as tegmen; paramere ca 1.5× as long as phallobase. Paramere gradually narrowed from base to apex, obliquely truncate apically, widened inwards to form a process with a few setae. Median lobe ca as wide as paramere, gradually narrowing in apical third, apex narrowly rounded, gonopore subapical.

Known from two localities in central Nepal (Fig. 4).

Key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the Megasternini

The following key is mainly based in the ventral characters, namely the form of prosternum and meso- and metaventrite, which are illustrated in Figures 5–8. The concept of some of the genera will likely be modified in the future; the key reflects the current status. The key includes all genera occurring east of Iran, the Black Sea, and the Ural Mountains. (i.e. it does not cover the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula); eastwards it includes all regions west of New Guinea. See Table 1 for the number of described species and references to the most important keys or taxonomic treatments for each genus. Remarks and numbers of species only refer to those from the Eastern Palaeartic and Oriental Regions.

1	Antennal grooves large, reaching to the lateral margin of hypomeron (Fig. 5A, B, D).	2
–	Antennal grooves absent or small, not reaching to the lateral margin of the hypomeron (Figs 5E, F, 6, 7, 8A–C)	5
2	Metaventrite with complete femoral lines reaching from posteriomesal portion to anterolateral corner (Fig. 5A, D)	3
–	Metaventrite without complete femoral lines, at most with short vestiges anterolaterally. (Fig. 5B, C)	4
3	Mesoventral plate wider than long. Prosternum with wide plate without median carina (Fig. 5A). Mentum with sharply pointed anterolateral corners (Fig. 8D)	Cryptopleurum Mulsant
–	Mesoventral plate approximatley as long as wide. Prosternal plate approximately as long as wide, with more or less distinct median carina (Fig. 5D). Mentum with bluntly rounded anterolateral corners	Pachysternum Motschulsky
4	Median portion of prosternum roof-like, high (Fig. 5C). Mesoventral plate longer than wide. Metaventrite without any traces of femoral lines (Fig. 5C). Anterior tibia without anterolateral excision	Pacrillum d'Orchymont
–	Median portion of prosternum with flat hexagonal plate, not carinate medially (Fig. 5B). Mesoventral plate slightly wider than long. Metaventrite with vestiges of femoral lines in anterolateral corners (Fig. 5B). Anterior tibia anterolaterally with emargination	Megasternum Mulsant
5	Metaventrite with postcoxal ridge widely diverging from posterior margin of coxal cavity and forming an arcuate ridge reaching lateral margin of metaventrite (Figs 5E, F, 6A, B)	6
–	Metaventrite with postcoxal ridge parallel to posterior margin of coxal cavity or nearly so, reaching anterolateral corner of metaventrite and not forming any arcuate ridge (Figs 6C–F, 7, 8A–C)	9
6	Metaventrite with complete femoral lines crossing the arcuate postcoxal ridge and X-shape in form (Fig. 5E). Mesoventral elevation narrowly elongate or narrow but widely contacting metaventrite	Peltocercyon d'Orchymont
–	Metaventrite without X-shaped structure, femoral lines absent or short, not crossing with arcuate postcoxal ridge (Figs 5F, 6A, B).	7
7	Mesoventral plate widely contacting metaventrite (Fig. 6A, B). Median portion of prosternum at least weakly delimited from lateral portions	8
–	Mesoventral plate separated from metaventrite by a wide deep gap (Fig. 5F). Median portion of prosternum simply carinate, not delimited from lateral portions	Armostus Sharp
8	Metaventrite with deep triangular impression along its lateral margin (Fig. 6A)	Morastus d'Orchymont
–	Metaventrite without such impression (Fig. 6B)	Oosternum Sharp
9	Median portion of prosternum highly elevated and/or delimited from lateral portions by sharp ridges (Figs 6C–F, 7A–D)	10
–	Median portion of prosternum finely carinate, not delimited from lateral portions (Figs 7E, F, 8A, B)	18
10	Pronotum with deep longitudinal grooves (Fig. 8E). Bare portion of metaventrite very wide (Fig. 6C). Tiny beetles: length ca 1.2 mm	Emmidolium d'Orchymont
–	Surface of pronotum without distinct longitudinal depressions. Bare portion of metaventrite confined to medial part only. Tiny to moderately large beetles	11
11	Median portion of prosternum in form of very small triangular, very highly elevated projection. Antennal grooves absent (Fig. 6D). Abdomen with apical emargination	Chimaerocyon Fikáček, Maruyama, Vondráček & Short
–	Median portion of prosternum never so tiny and not so highly elevated. Antennal grooves present, even though sometimes rather small. Abdomen never with apical emargination	12
12	Prosternal elevation with lateral margins deeply excised (Fig. 6E, F)	13
–	Prosternal elevation with lateral margins or ridges straight (Fig. 7A–D)	14
13	Tiny species, 1.2–1.6 mm. Metaventrite with complete femoral lines (Fig. 6E). Antennal grooves present	Paroosternum Scott
–	Large species, ca 3.0 mm. Metaventrite without femoral lines (Fig. 6F). Antennal grooves absent	Oreosternum nom. nov.
14	Elytral series deeply impressed with the impressions contiguous to anterior margin of each elytron (Fig. 8F, G). Mesoventral elevation longer than wide, rhomboid to suboval (Fig. 7A, B)	15
–	Elytral series not impressed or impressions of elytral striae series not reaching anterior margin of each elytron. Mesoventral elevation elongate or as long as wide	16
15	Pronotum highly bulged in lateral view, not forming a continuous curve with elytra. Anterior margin of prosternal elevation strongly projecting anteriad (Fig. 7A). Mesoventral elevation subrhomboid	Bolbonotum Hansen
–	Pronotum not highly bulged in lateral view, forming a continuous curve with elytra. Anterior margin of prosternal elevation straight (Fig. 7B). Mesoventral elevation suboval	Kahanga Hansen
16	Grooves for reception of procoxae ending far before the anterior margin of mesocoxal cavities (Fig. 8C). Mesoventral plate elongate	Gillisius d'Orchymont (part)*
–	Grooves for reception of proxocae reaching nearly the mesocoxal cavities (Fig. 7C, D). Mesoventral elevation approximately as wide as long	17
17	Mesoventral elevation nearly semi-elliptical (Fig. 7C), with wide marginal rim. Postcoxal ridges on the metaventrite meeting mesally and forming a short median longitudinal ridge. Metatibiae densely pubescent ventrally (Fig. 8H). Large species: 2.5–3.3 mm	Australocyon Hansen
–	Mesoventral elevation more less pentagonal, without any marginal rim (Fig. 7D). Postcoxal ridges mesally bending posteriad, remaining separate, forming two short median longitudinal ridges (in one species largely obsolete). Metatibie without dense ventral pubescence. Medium sized to tiny species: 2.0–2.9 mm	Nipponocercyon Satô
18	Abdominal ventrite 1 without median carina. Mesoventral elevation narrowly laminar (Fig. 7E)	Cycreon d'Orchymont
–	Abdominal ventrite 1 carinate medially. Mesoventral elevation in form of a lamina or an elongate plate	19
19	Ventral face of meso- and metatibiae with dense, long pubescence. Ventral morphology similar to Figure 7F	Pilocnema Hansen
–	Ventral face of meso- and metatibiae never densely pubescent, at most with sparse short setae. Ventral morphology similar to Figures 2, 3, and 8A, B	20
20	Mesoventral elevation laminar or forming an oval elongate plate; posterior part of the plate rounded or acute (as in Fig. 8A, B)	21
–	Mesoventral elevation elongate, but sharply cut off posteriorly, contacting metaventrite more or less in a straight line (as in Figs 2F, 8C)	22
21	Median portion of prosternum with a pair of transverse ridges partly delimiting prosternal process (Fig. 8A)	Pseudocercyon d'Orchymont
–	Median portion of prosternum without such ridges, only simply carinate (Fig. 8B)	Cercyon Leach
22	Mesoventral elevation arrowhead-shaped, with lateral angulate lobes (Figs 2F, 3C)	Himalcercyon Hebauer
–	Mesoventral elevation elongate oval (as in Fig. 8C); if small lateral lobes are present, they are below the plate	23
23	India, continental Southeast Asia and China.	Gillisius d'Orchymont (part)
–	Islands of the Malay Archipelago.	Pelosoma Mulsant*

Figure 5. 

Ventral view of thorax of eastern Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the Megasternini. A. Cryptopleurum ferrugineum. B. Megasternum concinnum. C. Pacrillum manchuricum. D. Pachysternum nigrovittatum. E. Peltocercyon coomani. F. Armostus schenklingi.

Table 1.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

List of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental general of the Megasternini, with number of described species and references to the most important keys or taxonomic treatments.

Genus	Described species	Keys or original descriptions
Armostus	11	d’Orchymont 1942; Hebauer 2002a; Hoshina and Satô 2006
Australocyon	7	Hansen 2003; Fikáček et al. 2012
Bolbonotum	3	Hansen 1999a
Cercyon	148	Shatrovskiy 1992; Hansen 1999b; Short and Hebauer 2006; Hoshina 2008; Jia et al. 2011; 2019; Ryndevich et al. 2017; 2019; Ryndevich and Prokin 2017
Chimaerocyon	2	Fikáček et al. 2013
Cryptopleurum	7	d’Orchymont 1926; Jia and Zhang 2017
Cycreon	4 + 1 ssp.	Arriaga-Varela et al. 2018b
Emmidolium	1	Fikáček 2007
Gillisius	2	d’Orchymont 1925a; 1926
Himalcercyon	2	this paper
Kahanga	1	Hansen 1999a
Megasternum	4	Shatrovskiy 1989; Fikáček et al. 2012; Ryndevich 2017
Morastus	1	d’Orchymont; 1926
Nipponocercyon	3	Hoshina and Fikáček 2010; Fikáček et al. 2012; 2015a
Oosternum	9	Hebauer 2002a; Hoshina and Satô 2004b; 2005
Oreosternum	1	Hebauer 2002
Pachysternum	11	Fikáček et al. 2012
Pacrillum	5	Hoshina and Satô 2004a; Fikáček and Hebauer 2005; Shatrovskiy 1989 as Agnaeformia
Paroosternum	5	Hebauer 2006
Pelosoma	2	d’Orchymont 1925b; 1932
Peltocercyon	4	d’Orchymont 1925a; Hoshina 2016; 2018
Pilocnema	1	Hansen 2003
Pseudocercyon	1	d’Orchymont 1926

Oreocyon frigidus Hebauer, 2002 (= Oreosternum frigidum comb. nov.)

While preparing the key, we noticed that the genus name Oreocyon is preoccupied by two older names: Oreocyon Marsh, 1872 (a fossil oxyaenid mammal, today a synonym of Patriofelis Leidy, 1872) and Oreocyon Krumbiegel, 1949 (a genus of Canidae described based on fur remains, later renamed to Dasycyon Krumbiegel, 1953 due to homonymy and today considered as a synonym of Canis Linnaeus, 1758). To avoid the homonymy, we are here proposing a new replacement name Oreosternum nom. nov. for Oreocyon Hebauer, 2002. The new name combines the prefix oreo- referring to mountains as used in the original name, and the core sternum, referring to the expected close relationship of this genus to Paroosternum Scott, 1913 exhibited by the prosternal morphology (see the key above). The new name is gender neutral.

Figure 6. 

Ventral view of thorax of eastern Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the Megasternini. A. Morastus gracilipalpis. B. Oosternum sp. (O. soricoides group). C. Emmidolium excavatum. D. Chimaerocyon shimadai. E. Paroosternum sp. F. Oreosternum frigidum.

Figure 7. 

Ventral view of thorax of eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Megasternini. A. Bolbonotum sp. B. Kahanga inconspicua, holotype. C. Australocyon sp. (A. pilocnemoides group). D. Nipponocercyon shibatai. E. Cycreon floricola. F. Pilocnema sp.

Figure 8. 

Ventral view of thorax and additional diagnostic characters of eastern Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the Megasternini. A–C. Ventral view: A. Pseudocercyon andrewesi. B. Cercyon sp. C. Gillisius madurensis, holotype. D–H. Other characters: D. Cryptopleurum coomani, mentum. E. Emmidolium excavatum, pronotum. F. Bolbonotum sp., base of elytra. G. Kahanga inconspicua, holotype, base of elytra. H. Australocyon sp. (A. pilocnemoides group), hind femur.