Female (USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290m, 10.85145, -85.60801, 10.vii.1998. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013831.

15♀, 3♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0013831, DHJPAR0013873, DHJPAR0013891.

The combination of smooth T1, notauli marked by relatively deep impression, areolet relatively smaller (vein 3RSa much shorter than vein r-m), scape yellow, metatibial spurs yellow orange, and metatarsus light brown differentiates this species from congeners.

(see Comments below).Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.1–3.4 mm (X = 3.3 mm). Fore wing length: 2.9–3.2 mm (X = 3.1 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.4–2.6 × (0.25–0.26/0.10–0.11 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.2–2.4 × (0.17–0.19/0.07–0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4–1.5 x. Metafemur length/width: 3.2–3.3 × (0.83–0.87/0.25–0.27 mm). Metatibia length: 1.00–1.09 mm (X = 1.05 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.44–0.47 mm (X = 0.46 mm).

Figures 1–6. 

Microplitis adrianguadamuzi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 1 Habitus, lateral view 2 Fore wing 3 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view 4 Propodeum 5 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 6 Metasoma, dorsal view.

Male. As in female.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Manduca corallina. Gregarious parasitoid.

One haplotype, three sequences (two barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Adrian Guadamuz in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

This species is morphologically very similar to M. espinachi, which was described in detail by Janzen et al. (2003). The brief description above adds some measurements, taken from specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’, that allow for separation of these species.

Female (USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m, 10.83764, -85.61871, 17.vi.2008, ACG database code: 08-SRNP-13764.

6♀, 2♂ (CNC, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: 08-SRNP-13764.

The combination of T1 mostly smooth (with very few and shallow punctures near posterior 0.1–0.2 on lateral margins) and notauli slightly marked by relatively shallow impressions separates this species from M. francopupulini, M. hebertbakeri and M. marini. The dark brown to black metatibial spurs, metatarsus and coxae separate it from the rest of the ACG Microplitis.

(see Comments below). Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.3–3.5 mm (X = 3.4 mm). Fore wing length: 3.2–3.3 mm (X = 3.3 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.2–2.8 × (0.28–0.30/0.10–0.14 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1–2.4 × (0.19–0.24/0.09–0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.2–1.5 x. Metafemur length/width: 3.3–3.6 × (0.96–1.00/0.27–0.30 mm). Metatibia length: 1.20–1.26 mm (X = 1.24 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.51–0.55 mm (X = 0.53 mm).

Male. As in female.

Figures 7–11. 

Microplitis alexanderrojasi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 7 Habitus, lateral view 8 Fore wing 9 Metasoma, dorsal view 10 Head, frontal view 11 Mesosoma, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Erinnyis oenotrus. Gregarious parasitoid.

One haplotype, one sequence (barcode-complaint) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Alexander Rojas in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

This species is morphologically very similar to M. figueresi, which was described in detail by Janzen et al. (2003). The brief description above adds some measurements, taken from specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’, that allow for separation of these species.

Female (NHM) (examined). PARAGUAY, Chaco.

In addition to the specimens from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Trinidad and Venezuela mentioned in Janzen et al. (2003), we have also examined over 500 specimens from 2 localities of Argentina deposited in the CNC.

This is the only Microplitis in Mesoamerica with the meso- and metasoma entirely orange yellow.

South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Trinidad, Venezuela. See comments below for further discussion.

Sphingidae: Agrius cingulata, Erinnyis ello, Manduca rustica, M. sexta. Janzen et al. (2003) stated that the main hosts are Manduca sexta and M. rustica, with the other two host species being isolated records. Gregarious parasitoid.

One haplotype, two sequences (none barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

Janzen et al. (2003) provided an extensive description of this species and drawings of the wings, as well as parts of meso- and metasoma. They also mentioned that “It is not yet known how far north the distribution of M. chacoensis extends; the known distribution suggests it could be present in the eastern (wetter) portions of Panama and Costa Rica. So far our rearings of the known hosts that far north have produced only the other species covered here”. Additional rearings done in ACG have failed to recover M. chacoensis. Based on all available information, we now consider that the distribution of the species is actually restricted to South America. Nevertheless, we decided to include the species in this paper because Trinidad is technically a Caribbean island, although it has more biogeographical affinities with South America than with Mesoamerica.

Female (USNM, missing) (not examined). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste province, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384.

134♀, 121♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0002885, DHJPAR0002886, DHJPAR0002888, DHJPAR0004314, DHJPAR0011916, DHJPAR0011917, DHJPAR0011919, DHJPAR0011920, DHJPAR0011921, DHJPAR0013817, DHJPAR0013818, DHJPAR0013817, DHJPAR0013332, DHJPAR0013819, DHJPAR0013820, DHJPAR0013822, DHJPAR0013829, DHJPAR0013833, DHJPAR0013846, DHJPAR0013849, DHJPAR0013857, DHJPAR0013858, DHJPAR0013863, DHJPAR0013868, DHJPAR0013871, DHJPAR0013880, DHJPAR0013884, DHJPAR0013889, DHJPAR0013890, DHJPAR0013895, DHJPAR0020150, DHJPAR0030811, DHJPAR0031061, DHJPAR0039921, DHJPAR0045166, 01-SRNP-13416, 05-SRNP-57563, 08-SRNP-13578, 08-SRNP-13740, 10-SRNP-12978.

The combination of smooth T1, notauli marked by relative deep impression, areolet relatively larger (vein 3RSa as long as vein r-m), scape yellow, metatibia spurs yellow, and metatarsus brown differentiates this species from congeners.

(see Comments below). Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.6–3.6 mm (X = 3.1 mm). Fore wing length: 2.6–3.2 mm (X = 2.9 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.2–2.4 × (0.22–0.26/0.09–0.12 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.0–2.2 × (0.14–0.19/0.07–0.09 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.6 x. Metafemur length/width: 2.9–3.2 × (0.72–0.88/0.24–0.29 mm). Metatibia length: 0.94–1.15 mm (X = 1.01 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.35–0.48 mm (X = 0.41 mm).

Figures 12–18. 

Microplitis espinachi Walker. 12 Habitus, lateral view 13 Hind leg 14 Metasoma, dorsal view 15 Metasoma, lateral view 16 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 17 Fore wing 18 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Agrius cingulata, Lintneria merops, nine species of Manduca but not M. corallina (and only two records of M. rustica). Gregarious parasitoid (Fig. 216).

Five haplotypes, 41 sequences (38 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

Janzen et al. (2003) provided an extensive description and several illustrations of the species. Here we only add some measurements taken to specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’. The broader host records mentioned by Janzen et al. (2003) are revised here due to the fact the some of them correspond to another species, M. adrianguadamuzi, split from the original M. espinachi.

Walker in Janzen et al. (2003) indicated that the holotype and an unspecified number of paratypes for M. espinachi were deposited in the USNM. One of us (RRK) could not locate any of the specimens. Further, unit trays do not exist for any specimen of M. espinachi in the USNM, and there is no record of their existence in any USNM database. It is unlikely that specimens of this species were ever deposited in the USNM; thus, they are currently either misplaced or lost. The location of the holotype for M. espinachi is critical for discerning its status relative to M. adrianguadamuzi.

Female (USNM, missing) (not examined). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste province, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280m, 10.85827, -85.61089.

107♀, 101♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0005013, DHJPAR0011918, DHJPAR0013826, DHJPAR0013827, DHJPAR0013830, DHJPAR0013834, DHJPAR0013835, DHJPAR0013838, DHJPAR0013840, DHJPAR0013841, DHJPAR0013843, DHJPAR0013844, DHJPAR0013845, DHJPAR0013847, DHJPAR0013848, DHJPAR0013853, DHJPAR0013854, DHJPAR0013856, DHJPAR0013860, DHJPAR0013861, DHJPAR0013862, DHJPAR0013864, DHJPAR0013869, DHJPAR0013872, DHJPAR0013877, DHJPAR0013884, DHJPAR0013887, DHJPAR0013888, DHJPAR0013892, DHJPAR0013894, DHJPAR0013895, DHJPAR0013897, DHJPAR0013898, DHJPAR0039906, DHJPAR0039908, DHJPAR0039909, DHJPAR0039910, DHJPAR0039911, DHJPAR0039912, DHJPAR0039913, DHJPAR0039914, DHJPAR0039915, DHJPAR0039916, DHJPAR0039917, DHJPAR0039918, DHJPAR0039919, DHJPAR0039920, 98-SRNP-1900, 98-SRNP-1901, 98-SRNP-1902, 98-SRNP-1920, 98-SRNP-1931, 98-SRNP-1949, 98-SRNP-8040, 98-SRNP-8112, 98-SRNP-8116, 99-SRNP-8701, 05-SRNP-17809, 05-SRNP-18059, 08-SRNP-13373, 08-SRNP-13374, 08-SRNP-13375, 08-SRNP-13587, 08-SRNP-13590, 08-SRNP-13594, 13-SRNP-15983.

The combination of smooth T1, notauli marked by relative fine and shallow impressions, areolet relatively larger (vein 3RSa as long as vein r-m), and host (Erinnyis spp.) differentiates this species from congeners.

(see Comments below). Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.7–3.3 mm (X = 3.1 mm). Fore wing length: 2.6–3.2 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.1–2.4 × (0.21–0.25/0.09–0.12 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.0–2.4 × (0.16–0.19/0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.5 x. Metafemur length/width: 2.8–3.4 × (0.73–0.90/0.21–0.30 mm). Metatibia length: 0.95–1.19 mm (X = 1.04 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.36–0.46 mm (X = 0.41 mm).

Figures 19–24. 

Microplitis figueresi Walker, 2003. 19 Habitus, lateral view 20 Wings 21 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view 22 Head and metasoma, dorsal view 23 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view 24 Mesosoma (partially) and mediotergite 1, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Erinnyis crameri, E. ello. Gregarious parasitoid (Figs 218, 219).

Six haplotypes, 57 sequences (51 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

Janzen et al. (2003) provided an extensive description and several illustrations of the species. Here we only add some measurements taken from specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’. The host records are revised due to the fact that two additional species, M. alexanderrojasi and M. jorgehernandezi, are here split from the original M. figueresi described in Janzen et al. (2003).

Walker in Janzen et al. (2003) indicated that the holotype and an unspecified number of paratypes for M. figueresi were deposited in the USNM. One of us (RRK) could not locate these specimens in the USNM as described above for M. espinachi. Similarly, the location of the holotype for M. figueresi is critical for discerning its status relative to M. alexanderrojasi and M. jorgehernandezi.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Finca Esmeralda, 123m, 10.93548, -85.25314, 10.viii.2013. ACG database code: 13-SRNP-77147.

44♀, 42♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0004093, DHJPAR0011922, DHJPAR0034274, DHJPAR0039905, DHJPAR0041831, DHJPAR0047252, DHJPAR0053775, 09-SRNP-75263, 11-SRNP-67447, 12-SRNP-75032, 13-SRNP-77147, 13-SRNP-77149.

The combination of T1 sculptured on posterior 0.3–0.5 (especially near lateral margins), notauli marked by relatively deep impressions, areolet relatively larger (vein 3RSa as long as vein r-m), metafemur and metatibia entirely or mostly dark reddish-brown, scape entirely yellow orange, body and fore wing length, wasp cocoons grouped in one or two large clusters dorsally on the host larva, and host species differentiates this species from congeners.

Female. Scape color: Yellow-orange. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, dark brown to black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, dark reddish-brown (usually with posterior 0.1–0.2 black). Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, dark reddish-brown (usually mostly black dorsally). Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Brown, brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Dark brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.3–4.0 mm (X = 3.6 mm). Fore wing length: 3.0–3.4 mm (X = 3.2 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.3–2.5 × (0.28–0.29/0.11–0.12 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.0–2.3 × (0.19–0.21/0.08–0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.5 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Absent. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallow and sparse sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With margins and central part of disc equally sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Three to five. Metafemur length/width: 2.5–2.6 × (0.85–0.90/0.33–0.34 mm). Metatibia length: 1.12–1.16 mm (X = 1.14 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.48–0.50 mm (X = 0.49 mm). Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Mostly sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 25–32. 

Microplitis francopupulini Fernández-Triana & Whitfield (paratype specimen). 25 Habitus, lateral view 26 Wings 27 Metasoma, lateral view 28 Hind leg 29 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 30 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 31 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view 32 Metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 33–38. 

Microplitis francopupulini Fernández-Triana & Whitfield (holotype specimen).33- Habitus, lateral view. 34 Hind leg 35 Metasoma, dorsal view 36 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 37 Fore wing 38 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Xylophanes guianensis. Gregarious parasitoid (Fig. 217).

One haplotype, nine sequences (nine barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Franco Pupulin in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

This species is morphologically very similar to M. marini, which was described in detail by Janzen et al. (2003). The brief description above only adds some measurements, taken from specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’, that allow for separation of these species. Additionally, both species differ in up to 43 base pairs (> 6.5 %) in the barcoding region.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280m, 11.03004, -85.52699, 17.v.1999. ACG database code: DHJPAR0012604.

3♀, 7♂ (CNC, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0012581, DHJPAR0012591, DHJPAR0012603, DHJPAR0012609, DHJPAR0012610, DHJPAR0012611, DHJPAR0012612, DHJPAR0012614, DHJPAR0013339, DHJPAR0031721.

This is the only ACG species of Microplitis with T1 parallel-sided for most of its length, narrowing on posterior 0.1, its length more than 3.0 × its width at posterior margin; and scutellar disc dull, uniformly sculptured by coarse punctures.

Female. Scape color: Black. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark reddish-brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, reddish-brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, orange-brown (darker dorsally). Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, mostly orange-brown (anterior 0.2 yellow-white, central 0.6 orange-brown, posterior 0.2 dark brown). Metatibia spurs color: White. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow and brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.8–2.9 mm. Fore wing length: 2.6–2.7 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.15/0.07/0.11 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.1 × (0.25/0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.4 × (0.17/0.07 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.5 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Absent. Anteromesoscutum: Slightly sculptured, with smooth areas, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli faint or poorly defined. Scutellar disc sculpture: With margins and central part of disc equally sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Five. Metafemur length/width: 3.3–3.6 × (0.72–0.77/0.20–0.23 mm). Metatibia length: 0.97–1.03 mm (X = 1.00 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.41–0.43 mm (X = 0.42 mm). Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.9–3.1 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.42–0.44/0.19–0.20/0.20–0.22/0.13–0.16 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Mostly sculptured.

Male. As in female.

Figures 39–45. 

Microplitis hebertbakeri Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 39 Habitus, lateral view 40 Fore wing 41 Metasoma, dorsal view 42 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view 43 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 44 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view 45 Detail of hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Unknown.

Three haplotype, 11 sequences (11 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Hebert Baker in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Cuesta Canyon Tigre, 270m, 10.81703, -85.64366, 20.vi.2013. ACG database code: 13-SRNP-15964.

4♀, 5♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0049814, DHJPAR0052940, 12-SRNP-12247, 13-SRNP-15964.

The combination of smooth T1, notauli marked by relative fine and shallow impressions, and color of scape, tegula, and humeral complex (dark brown to black), pro- and mesocoxae (light brown), metacoxa (dark brown to black), and metafemur (dark red-orange to brown on more than half its length) differentiates this species from congeners.

(see Comments below). Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.1–3.5 mm (X = 3.3 mm). Fore wing length: 2.9–3.3 mm (X = 3.1 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.4–2.6 × (0.25–0.27/0.10–0.11 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1–2.3 × (0.18–0.20/0.08–0.09 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.4 x. Metafemur length/width: 3.2–3.4 × (0.90–0.96/0.27–0.28 mm). Metatibia length: 1.12–1.21 mm (X = 1.15 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.45–0.46 mm (X = 0.46 mm).

Male. As in female, except legs slightly lighter in color.

Figures 46–52. 

Microplitis jorgehernandezi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 46 Habitus, lateral view 47 Wings and body, dorsal view 48 Mesosoma (partially) and metasoma, dorsal view 49 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view 50 Head, frontal view 51 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 52 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Erinnyis alope, E. ello. Gregarious parasitoid.

One haplotype, five sequences (four barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Jorge Hernández in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

This species is morphologically very similar to M. figueresi, which was described in detail by Janzen et al. (2003). The brief description above only adds some measurements, taken to specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’, that allows for separation of these species.

Female (USNM) (examined). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste province, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 1080m, 10.92471, -85.46738.

56♀, 42♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0004756, DHJPAR0005012, DHJPAR0013865, DHJPAR0013882, DHJPAR0013883, DHJPAR0013885, DHJPAR0020898, DHJPAR0030925, DHJPAR0030931, DHJPAR0034178, DHJPAR0034207, DHJPAR0047037, DHJPAR0052976, DHJPAR0052977, 08-SRNP-6882, 08-SRNP-72721, 12-SRNP-69030, 13-SRNP-42973, 13-SRNP-76897.

The combination of T1 sculptured on posterior 0.3–0.5 (especially near lateral margins), notauli marked by relatively deep impressions, areolet relatively larger (vein 3RSa as long as vein r-m), metafemur and metatibia entirely yellow to yellow orange, scape entirely black, body and fore wing length, wasp cocoons grouped in one or two large clusters dorsally on the host larva, and host species differentiates this species from congeners.

(see Comments below). Female. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.0–3.4 mm (X = 3.2 mm). Fore wing length: 2.5–3.2 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.9–3.0 × (0.24–0.27/0.08–0.09 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.2–2.4 × (0.17–0.18/0.07–0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4–1.5 x. Metafemur length/width: 3.2–3.5 × (0.79–0.82/0.23–0.26 mm). Metatibia length: 1.00–1.16 mm (X = 1.05 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.35–0.38 mm (X = 0.37 mm).

Figures 53–61. 

Microplitis marini Whitfield, 2003. 53 Habitus, lateral view 54 Wings 55 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view 56 Hind leg 57 Habitus, dorsal view. 58, 59 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view, images taken under slightly different angles.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Sphingidae: Xylophanes tersa. Gregarious parasitoid (Figs 220, 221).

Four haplotypes, 13 sequences (11 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

Janzen et al. (2003) provided an extensive description and several illustrations of this species. Here we only add some measurements taken from specimens included in the list of ‘Specimens examined’, as well as additional color pictures of the holotype (Figs 230–233). Microplitis marini is morphologically similar to M. francopupulini, but differs in some morphological, biological and molecular traits (see Comments for francopupulini above).

The host record for M. marini is here limited to Xylophanes tersa. Janzen et al. (2003: 54) included in the original description of the species a series of 14 females and one male from Arizona (USA), reared from X. falco, although those specimens were left out of type series. Based on our experience with the Microgastrinae fauna of ACG, and the significant number of morphologically cryptic species found (which mostly differ in host ranges and molecular data such as DNA barcodes) we consider it unlikely that the specimens from Arizona are conspecific with those from ACG. A morphological re-examination of the US material, and (ideally) obtaining DNA barcodes for those specimens would be needed before concluding in that regard, but for now we exclude them (and their associated host record) from the species concept of M. marini as presented here.

Male (BMNH) (not examined).

Unknown.

Saint Vincent Island.

No molecular or biological data are available for this species. The original description mentions that the type has smooth head and mesosoma (including propodeum). No other species of Microplitis in Mesoamerica has a smooth head or propodeum.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Santa Rosa National Park headquarters, 200m, Malaise trap, 27-30.vi.1997, L.J. van der Ent.

The color combination (metafemur orange-red, metatibia dark brown on posterior 0.5, scape yellow, T2 mostly brown, T3 with posterior half yellowish), fore wing with vein 2SR longer than vein r, and T1 2.8 × as long as width at posterior margin differentiates this species from congeners.

Male. Scape color: Yellow. Mesosoma color: Dark reddish-brown. Metasoma color: Reddish-brown except for T2–T3 partially yellow. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, reddish-brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, reddish-brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.3 yellow-white, median 0.3 orange, posterior 0.3 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark reddish-brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, and basally yellow/posteriorly brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.4 mm. Fore wing length: 3.0 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14/0.10/0.18 mm. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One centrally, with other four smaller and partially defined carinae. Metafemur length/width: 3.0 × (0.86/0.29 mm). Metatibia length: 1.10 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.45 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.8 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.54/0.29/0.27/0.19 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Female. Unknown.

Figures 62–68. 

Snellenius billburgeri Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 62 Habitus, lateral view 63 Habitus, dorsal view (inset: details of mediotergites 2 and 3) 64 Fore wing 65 Male antenna 66 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 67 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 68 Propodeum (partially) and mediotergite 1, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Unknown.

None.

This species is named in honour of Bill Burger in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector El Hacha, Animas, 195m, 11.05011, -85.58663, 16.iv.2013. ACG database code: DHJPAR0052256.

1♀, 1♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0052334, DHJPAR0053888.

The fore wing mostly infumated, dark reddish-brown metafemur, and T1 2.3 × as long as width at posterior margin differentiates this species from congeners.

Female. Scape color: Black. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, orange-brown, dark reddish-brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, yellow-white on anterior 0.2–0.3 and dark brown to black on posterior 0.7–0.8. Metatibia spurs color: Black. First segment of metatarsus color: Black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Black, black. Wings: Mostly infumated. Pterostigma color: Dark brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.5–3.6 mm. Fore wing length: 3.0 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9-2.1 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–1.9 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.19/0.09–0.10/0.17–0.18 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.6 × (0.29–0.31/0.11–0.12 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.6–1.7 × (0.19–0.20/0.12 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.5–1.6 x. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One centrally, with other 2–4 smaller and partially defined carinae. Metafemur length/width: 3.5 × (0.97/0.28 mm). Metatibia length: 1.26 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.49 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.2–2.3 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.58–0.60/0.30–0.31/0.30–0.32/0.26–0.27 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As female but with all femora orange, metatibia mostly orange (only posterior 0.2 dark brown), T3 entirely yellow, and T2 light brown.

Figures 69–75. 

Snellenius bobdressleri Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 69 Habitus, lateral view 70 Wings 71 Metasoma, lateral view 72 Metasoma, dorsal view 73 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 74 Hind leg and mediotergite 1, dorsal view 75 Anteromesoscutum and scutellar disc, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae: Pseudbarydia crespula. Solitary parasitoid (Fig. 226).

Two haplotypes, three sequences (three barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Bob Dressler in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Pitilla, Amonias, 390m, 11.04249, -85.40339. ACG database code: DHJPAR0050115.

1♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG, database code: DHJPAR0050129.

The unique color pattern characterizes this species: body color light yellow to white; metatibia mostly yellow, wings with golden infumation, veins and pterostigma mostly yellowish.

Female. Scape color: Yellow. Mesosoma color: Yellow. Metasoma color: Yellow. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, mostly yellow with posterior 0.1–0.2 brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: Light brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Entirely or partially transparent or light yellow (but most other veins also same color). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.6–3.7 mm. Fore wing length: 3.6 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.16/0.08/0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.4 × (0.31/0.13 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1 × (0.21/0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.5 x. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.5 × (0.97/0.28 mm). Metatibia length: 1.30 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.51 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.7 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.52/0.20/0.16/0.19 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Partially sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 76–82. 

Snellenius donstonei Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 76 Habitus, lateral view 77 Fore wing 78 Metasoma, dorsal view 79 Metasoma, lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 81 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 82 Propodeum (partially), dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae: Ceromacra sp. (with interim name Ceromacra Poole02). Solitary parasitoid.

None.

This species is named in honour of Don Stone in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m, 10.83764, -85.61871. ACG database code: DHJPAR0004293.

The combination of hyaline wings, mesosoma and metasoma mostly black or dark reddish brown, and metafemur and metatibia (posterior 0.6) dark brown, separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius, except for S. johnkressi. It is distinguishable from the latter species by wider T2 and scutoscutellar sulcus with only one clearly defined carina (3–5 carinae in S. johnkressi).

Female. Scape color: Brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to black, except for reddish-brown T2–T3. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Light brown, brown, brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Orange, dark brown, dark brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Orange, orange-brown, anterior 0.2 yellow-white, posterior 0.8 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow-white. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Black, dark brown to black. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins, although slightly lighter). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.9 mm. Fore wing length: 2.6 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14/0.09/0.18 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: (0.21/0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 missing. Epicnemial carina: Present but weakly defined. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli slightly to strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One centrally, with other 4 smaller and partially defined carinae. Metafemur length/width: 3.3 × (0.75/0.23 mm). Metatibia length: 0.98 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.35 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.0 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.52/0.28/0.26/0.26 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Partially sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 83–88. 

Snellenius felipechavarriai Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 83 Habitus, dorso-lateral view 84 Wings 85 Propodeum (partially) and mediotergite 1, dorsal view 86 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 87 Propodeum and mediotergite 1, dorsal view 88 Metasoma lateral view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae: Coenipeta bibitrix. Solitary parasitoid (Fig. 222).

One haplotype, four sequences (none barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Felipe Chavarría in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013326.

6♀ (BMNH, CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0012579, DHJPAR0012580, DHJPAR0012583, DHJPAR0012584, DHJPAR0012608, DHJPAR0013330.

The combination of T1 length at least 3.0 × its width at posterior margin, body mostly dark reddish-brown to brown, metatibia dark brown on posterior 0.8, and metatibial spurs yellow-white separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius, except for S. warrenwagneri. It is distinguishable from the latter species by having scape yellow-orange, tegula and humeral complex dark brown, and relatively shorter flagellomeres (flagellomere 2 2.4–2.5 × as long as wide, flagellomere 14 2.0–2.3 × as long as wide).

Female. Scape color: Yellow-orange. Mesosoma color: Dark reddish-brown. Metasoma color: Dark reddish-brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow-brown, dark brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, dark reddish-brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.2 yellow-white and posterior 0.8 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow-white. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Half pale, half dark. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.9–3.2 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Fore wing length: 2.5–2.8 (X = 2.6 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.7–1.9 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.16/0.15/0.08-0.09 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.3–2.5 × (0.23–0.25/0.10 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.9–2.0 × (0.17–0.18/0.09 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.4 x. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One centrally, with other 2–4 smaller and partially defined carinae. Metafemur length/width: 32.–3.3 × (0.75–0.80/0.23–0.25 mm). Metatibia length: 0.96–0.99 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.35–0.36 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 3.0–3.1 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: (0.43–0.45/0.22–0.24/0.22/0.14–0.15 mm). Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As female but with T2–T3 mostly yellow.

Figures 89–95. 

Snellenius gerardoherrerai Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 89 Habitus, lateral view 90 Habitus, dorsal view 91 Wings 92 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view 93 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 94 Metasoma, dorsal view 95 Propodeum (partially), dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Unknown.

Three haplotypes, seven sequences (seven barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Gerardo Herrera in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013323.

5♀, 3♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0013315, DHJPAR0013316, DHJPAR0013319, DHJPAR0013320, DHJPAR0013325, DHJPAR0024714; 1♂, Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa National Park, 300m, regenerating woodland less than 10 years old, 5-26.vii.1986, I. Gauld; 1♂, Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste, Cerro El Hacha, NW of Volcan Orosi, 300m, 1988.

This is one of the most easily identifiable species of Snellenius in the region, based on the unique color pattern of mesosoma and hind legs.

Female. Scape color: Orange-brown. Mesosoma color: Partially orange (mostly on anteromesoscutum and parts of propleuron, pronotum, mesopleuron, scutellar complex, metascutellum). Metasoma color: Dark brown, except for light yellow T2. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, mostly reddish-brown (except for yellow ventraly). Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, dark brown (except for anterior 0.1 which is yellow-orange). Metatibia spurs color: Yellow-white. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown, with very small pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.2–3.4 mm. Fore wing length: 3.1–3.2 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–1.9 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.13–0.15/0.07–0.08/0.13–0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.0 × (0.27/0.09–0.10 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.2 × (0.20–0.21/0.09–0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.3–1.4 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present but weakly defined. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With margins and central part of disc equally sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Three or four. Metafemur length/width: 3.3 × (0.86–0.87/0.25–0.26 mm). Metatibia length: 1.08–1.12 mm (X = 1.10 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.38–0.41 mm (X = 0.40 mm). Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 3.0–3.1 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.45–0.48/0.26–0.24/0.22–0.20/0.15–0.16 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As in female.

Figures 96–102. 

Snellenius irenebakerae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 96 Habitus, lateral view 97 Wings 98 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 99 Metasoma, lateral view 100 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 101 Metasoma, dorsal view 102 Scutellar disc (partially) and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Noctuidae: An undetermined species with interim name ‘noctJanzen01 05-SRNP-23743’. Solitary parasitoid.

Two haplotypes, nine sequences (nine barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Irene Baker in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Pitilla, Amonias, 390m, 11.04249, -85.40339. ACG database code: DHJPAR0020741.

2♂ (CNC, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0049417, 08-SRNP-31574.

1♀, DNA voucher code: CNCHYM 07055, Panama, Gamboa, Canal Zone, vii.1967, W&M Wirth.

The combination of body color (yellow orange), metatibia (mostly or entirely dark red brown) and wings (with dark brown infumation, veins and pterostigma mostly brown), as well as hosts (Erebidae, Gonodonta spp.) separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius except for S. phildevriesi. No female specimens are known from S. isidrochaconi but males are distinguishable from S. phildevriesi by slight differences in size, interocellar area color, carination pattern in the propodeum, and the presence of a rather acute projection on the posterior margin of the metascutellum. Additionally, the two species have over 4 % of base pair differences in the barcoding region, and the caterpillars that they parasitize, although belonging to the same genus (Gonodonta), feed on host plants in different families.

Male. Scape color: Partially brown, partially yellow. Mesosoma color: Yellow orange. Metasoma color: Yellow orange. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.8 reddish orange and posterior 0.2 dark brown to black. Metatibia spurs color: Brown. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: Dark brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.5–3.6 mm (3.6 mm). Fore wing length: 3.5 mm. Antenna in males: Flattened on central and apical segments. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length: 0.94–0.97 mm (X = 0.96 mm). Metatibia length: 1.24–1.30 mm (X = 1.27 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.48–0.50 mm (0.49 mm). Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 3.4–3.7 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.55–0.58/0.21–0.22/0.17–0.18/0.15–0.17 mm). Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Partially sculptured.

Female. One female specimen, from Panama, is associated with the male specimens with some question due to the fact it is from a different country and there is no other known female associated with this species. Thus, it is excluded from the type series and was not used to characterize the species.

Figures 103–109. 

Snellenius isidrochaconi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 103 Habitus, lateral view 104 Fore wing 105 Metasoma, lateral view 106 Middle and hind legs 107 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 108 Metasoma, dorsal view 109 Propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica (ACG) and Panama.

Erebidae: three species of Gonodonta feeding on Cissampelos spp. (Menispermaceae). Solitary parasitoid (Fig. 227).

One haplotype, seven sequences (five barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Isidro Chacón in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

Only males were available to describe this species (but see comment on a female above), and they were almost indistinguishable from males of the morphologically similar S. phildevriesi. Thus, the description provided above only includes those characters that differ from males of S. phildevriesi.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Argelia, 5m, 10.78004, -85.66405. ACG database code: DHJPAR0053098.

10♀, 11♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0053008, DHJPAR0053009, DHJPAR0053012, DHJPAR0053015, DHJPAR0053018, DHJPAR0053042, DHJPAR0053048, DHJPAR0053068, DHJPAR0053072, DHJPAR0053074, DHJPAR0053077, DHJPAR0053078, DHJPAR0053081, DHJPAR0053085, DHJPAR0053087, DHJPAR0053091, DHJPAR0053097, DHJPAR0053103, DHJPAR0053104, DHJPAR0053113.

The combination of hyaline wings, mesosoma and metasoma mostly black or dark reddish brown, metafemur and metatibia (posterior 0.6) dark brown separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius except for S. felipechavarriai. It is distinguishable from the latter species by narrower T2 and scutoscutellar sulcus with 3–5 carinae (only one clearly defined carina in S. felipechavarriai).

Female. Scape color: Dark brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Orange, orange brown, black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Orange, dark brown, black. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Orange, orange brown, yellow white on anterior 0.2 and dark brown to black on posterior 0.8. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow white. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Dark orange to dark brown, brown to black. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.0 mm (2.9–3.0 mm). Fore wing length: 2.8 mm (2.8–2.9 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0–2.1 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14–0.16/0.07–0.09/0.15–0.18 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.7–3.1 × (0.26–0.28/0.08–0.10 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.8–2.0 × (0.14–0.18/0.07–0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.6–1.9 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Three complete, two incomplete. Metafemur length/width: 3.4–3.6 × (0.77–0.86/0.23–0.25 mm). Metatibia length: 1.11 mm (1.07–1.15) mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.44 mm (0.42–0.45 mm). Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.3–2.4 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.50–0.53/0.30/0.27–0.29/0.21–0.23 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As in female but scape and T1 orange yellow, and T2 partially yellow, orange yellow, or light brown.

Figures 110–116. 

Snellenius johnkressi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 110 Habitus, lateral view 111 Wings 112 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 113 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view 114 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 115 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view 116 Detail of hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae: Bulia mexicana. Solitary parasitoid.

Six haplotypes, 20 sequences (20 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of John Kress in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in INBio. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Province, OTS Palo Verde Biological Station, 10m, 25.iii–21.iv.1992, A. Gutierrez coll. Second label with code: INBio CRI000 874631.

The combination of pterostigma relatively wider (2.0 × as long as wide), fore wing with basal cell virtually without setae, wings with most veins transparent or light yellow (except for veins r, 2RS, 3RSa, and 2M), and T1 length 2.6 × its width at posterior margin separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Yellow brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: T2 yellow brown, T1 and T3+ dark reddish brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow brown, yellow brown, dark brown to black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, mostly brown, brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.4 yellow and posterior 0.6 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Half pale, half dark. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Entirely or partially transparent or light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.0 mm. Fore wing length: 2.5 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14/0.09/0.18 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.8 × (0.22–0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.7 × (0.10/0.06 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 2.2 x. Epicnemial carina: Present but weakly defined. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.3 × (0.72/0.22 mm). Metatibia length: 0.98 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.32 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.6 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.58/0.23/0.22/0.22 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 117–122. 

Snellenius jorgecampabadali Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 117 Habitus, lateral view 118 Wings 119 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 120 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view 121 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 122 Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view.

Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province, OTS Biological Station.

Unknown.

None.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Jorge R. Campabadal (RIP), the first Costa Rican administrator of the Organization for Tropical Studies, in recognition of his key role in founding the OTS Palo Verde Biological Field Station.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 meters, 10.83764, -85.61871. ACG database code: 90-SRNP-2193.

The combination of metasoma entirely light orange yellow, the metasoma black, and wings infumated separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Light brown yellow. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Light orange yellow. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, mostly light yellow brown (with only posterior 0.1 brown). Metatibia spurs color: Light yellow brown. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, light brown yellow. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.2 mm. Fore wing length: 3.2 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.17/0.09/0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.8 × (0.28/0.10 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.0 × (0.20/0.10 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4 x. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One complete, four partial. Metafemur length/width: 3.8 × (0.88/0.23 mm). Metatibia length: 1.15 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.48 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.2 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.52/0.24/0.26/0.24 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Mostly sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 123–128. 

Snellenius jorgegomezlauritoi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 123 Habitus, lateral view 124 Wings 125 Middle and hind legs 126 Metasoma, lateral view 127 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 128 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Noctuidae: Stauropides persimilis. Solitary parasitoid.

None.

This species is named in honour of Jorge Gómez Laurito in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Estacion San Cristobal, 640m, 10.87097, -85.39144. ACG database code: 98-SRNP-6841.

Paratype. 1♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, Guanacaste Province, 3 km W of Arenal, 500m, 23.ix.1972. DNA Voucher code: CNCHYM 07141.

The combination of metasoma with T2–T3 entirely yellow and dark brown beyond T4, relatively wide T2 (1.9 × as long as wide at posterior margin), wings slightly infumated, metatibia spurs yellow white, metafemur entirely yellow orange, and metatibia mostly light in color (yellow orange, with anterior 0.2 yellow white, and only posterior 0.2 brown), separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius, except for S. mariamartachavarriae. It is distinguishable from the latter species by having one carina in the scutoscutellar sulcus, scape mostly brown, T4 dark brown to black, and host species (Selenisa sp.) found in rainforest.

Male. Scape color: Mostly dark brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark redish brown, except for yellow T2–T3. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow orange, yellow orange, yellow orange. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow orange, yellow orange, mostly yellow orange (but with anterior 0.2 yellow white, and posterior 0.2 brown). Metatibia spurs color: Yellow white. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, mostly brown. Wings: Slightly infumated. Pterostigma color: Brown, with very small pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.0–3.2 mm. Fore wing length: 2.8–3.0 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.1 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.1 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.17/0.08/0.17 mm. Antenna in males: Flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.2 × (0.80/0.25 mm). Metatibia length: 1.02 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.41 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 1.9 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.48/0.25/0.24/0.25 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Female. Unknown.

Figures 129–135. 

Snellenius josesarukhani Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 129 Habitus, lateral view 130 Wings 131 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 132 Metasoma, dorsal view 133 Scutellar disc, dorsal view 134 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 135 Propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province.

Erebidae: Helia sueroides. Solitary parasitoid.

One haplotype, one sequence (not barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

The paratype has a partial barcode (275 bp) that does not match any other Snellenius in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of José Sarukhan in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Elena, Vado Quebrada Calera, 305m, 10.86677, -85.6465. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013881.

7♀, 3♂ (BMNH, CNC, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0004092, DHJPAR0004095, DHJPAR0004309, DHJPAR0004310, DHJPAR0004311, DHJPAR0004312, DHJPAR0004313, DHJPAR0013821, DHJPAR0013899, 03-SRNP-14142.

The fore wing mostly infumated, black metafemur, and T1 2.8 × as long as width at posterior margin differentiates this species from congeners.

Female. Scape color: Dark brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, brown, dark brown to black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): orange yellow, mostly brown, black. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): orange yellow, orange yellow, anterior 0.2 orange yellow and posterior 0.8 dark brown to black. Metatibia spurs color: Dark brown to black. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Dark, dark. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, with small pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.4–3.6 mm (X = 3.5 mm). Fore wing length: 3.1–3.2 mm (X = 3.1 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.18/0.09/0.18 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.5–2.7 × (0.32/0.12–0.13 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.5–1.6 × (0.19/0.12–0.13 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.7 x. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Three. Metafemur length/width: 3.7 × (0.95/0.26 mm). Metatibia length: 1.25–1.30 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.48–0.50 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.7 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.59–0.60/0.28–0.29/0.27/0.22 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As female but with T2 (entirely) and T3 (partially) yellow to light yellow brown.

Figures 136–142. 

Snellenius kerrydresslerae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 136 Habitus, lateral view 137 Wings 138 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view 139 Metasoma, dorsal view 140 Habitus, dorsal view 141 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 142 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae, Orodesma pulverosa. Solitary parasitoid (Fig. 223).

One haplotype, ten sequences (10 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Kerry Dressler in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013314.

1♀, 4♂ (CNC, USNM). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0013318, DHJPAR0013321, DHJPAR0013336, DHJPAR0013340, DHJPAR0013341.

The combination of dark brown to black body, T1 length 2.8 × its width at posterior margin, mostly brown metatibia, and fore wing with veins 2RS, r, and 3RSa brown, differentiates this species from congeners.

Female. Scape color: Dark brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to reddish brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, dark brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, dark brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.2 yellow and posterior 0.8 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow orange. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, half yellow and half brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.1–3.2 mm. Fore wing length: 2.9–3.0 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.17/0.09/0.17 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.3 × (0.30/0.09 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1 × (0.17/0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.8 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli slightly to strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Four to five. Metafemur length/width: 3.8 × (0.98/0.26 mm). Metatibia length: 1.30 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.57–0.58 mm,. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.8 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.62/0.29–0.30/0.30–0.31/0.22 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As in female.

Figures 143–149. 

Snellenius lucindamcdadeae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 143 Habitus, lateral view 144 Fore wing 145 Hind leg 146 Metasoma (partially), lateral view 147 Metasoma, dorsal view 148 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 149 Scutellar disc (partially) and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Unknown.

Three haplotypes, six sequences (six barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Lucinda McDade in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA: San Vito, Las Cruces, 17.viii-12.ix.1988, B. Gill. Second Label: DNA Voucher code CNCHYM 07140.

3♀, 5♂, Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Golfo Dulce, 15 km W of Piedras Blancas, 100m, xi.1990 and xii.1990, P. Hanson; 2♀, 1♂, Costa Rica, Limon, 16 km W of Guapiles, 400m, i-iii and iv-v.1989, P. Hanson; 1♀, Costa Rica: Limon, 4 km NE of Bribri, 50m, ix-xi.1989, P. Hanson; Panama, Gamboa, Canal Zone, Pipeline Road, vii.1967, Malaise trap, W.W.Wirth, DNA Voucher CNCHYM 07044.

The unique combination of dark reddish brown body and relatively long and thin T1 (its length 4.0 × its width at posterior margin), separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Dark brown. Mesosoma color: Dark reddish brown. Metasoma color: Dark reddish brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Brown, white, brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Mostly brown, mostly brown, dark reddish brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Mostly brown, mostly brown, dark reddish brown. Metatibia spurs color: Orange brown. First segment of metatarsus color: Reddish brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Brown, brown. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.4–2.9 mm (X = 2.7 mm). Fore wing length: 2.4–3.0 mm (X = 2.7 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.13/0.07/0.11 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 lengtwh/width: 3.8–3.9 × (0.23–0.27/0.06–0.07 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.3–2.6 × (0.23–0.27/0.16–0.18 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4–1.5 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.8–3.9 × (0.71–0.78/0.18–0.20 mm). Metatibia length: 0.98–1.00 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.38–0.40 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 3.9–4.2 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.41–0.44/0.15–0.16/0.12–0.13/0.10–0.11 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. Some males have middle coxa, trochanter and trochantellus darker.

Figures 150–155. 

Snellenius luisdiegogomezi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 150 Habitus, lateral view 151 Fore wing 152 Metasoma, dorsal view 153 Metasoma, lateral view 154 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 155 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, Panama.

Unknown.

One haplotype, one sequence (not barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Luis Diego Gómez in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m, 10.83764, -85.61871. ACG database code: DHJPAR0031634.

The color combination (metafemur yellow, metatibia dark brown on posterior 0.8, scape brown, T2 and part of T3 light yellow brown), fore wing with vein 2SR shorter than vein r, and T1 2.2 × as long as width at posterior margin, differentiates this species from congeners.

Male. Scape color: Brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown, except for light yellow brown T2 and part of T3. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, dark brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.2 white and posterior 0.8 brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Dark, half pale and half dark. Wings: Mostly hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.8 mm. Fore wing length: 2.4 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: (0.14/0.09/0.16 mm). Antenna in males: Slightly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.5 × (0.70/0.20 mm). Metatibia length: 0.90 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.31 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.2 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.48/0.23/0.24/0.22 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Sculptured on posterior 0.5.

Female. Unknown.

Figures 156–162. 

Snellenius mariakuzminae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 156 Habitus, lateral view 157 Fore wing 158 Hind leg 159 Metasoma, lateral view 160 Propodeum and metasoma (partially), dorsal view 161 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 162 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Noctuidae: Concana Poole01. Solitary parasitoid.

Two haplotypes, two sequences (one barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

We have only seen one specimen, which has a full barcode (658 bp). In BOLD there is another partial sequence for a specimen we have not been able to study for this paper.

This species is named in honour of María Kuzmin in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Casona Santa Rosa, 295m, 10.83381, -85.61271. ACG database code: 91-SRNP-864.

The combination of metasoma with T2–T3 entirely yellow and dark brown beyond T4, relatively wide T2 (1.9 × as long as wide at posterior margin), wings slightly infumated, metatibia spurs yellow white, metafemur entirely yellow orange, and metatibia mostly light in color (yellow orange, with anterior 0.2 yellow white, and only posterior 0.2 brown), separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius, except for S. josesarukhani. It is distinguishable from the latter species by having five carinae in the scutoscutellar sulcus, scape and T4 entirely yellow, and host species (Catephiodes sp.) found in dry forest.

Male. Scape color: Yellow. Mesosoma color: Reddish brown. Metasoma color: Mostly yellow orange, with only T5+ dark brown to black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.8 yellow and posterior 0.2 brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, half pale and half dark. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale area centrally. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.8 mm. Fore wing length: 2.7 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.3 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.18/0.10/0.13 mm. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli slightly to strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Five. Metafemur length/width: 3.3 × (0.77/0.23 mm). Metatibia length: 0.98 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.40 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.0 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.49/0.24/0.27/0.24 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Female. Unknown.

Figures 163–168. 

Snellenius mariamartachavarriae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 163 Habitus, lateral view 164 Fore wing 165 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 166 Antenna (male) 167 Hind leg 168 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Noctuidae: Catephiodes trinidadensis. Solitary parasitoid.

None.

This species is named in honour of María Marta Chavarría in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 620m, 11.00060, -85.43800. ACG database code: DHJPAR0041580.

3♀, 4♂ (BMNH, CNC, USNM, INBio, INHS). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0005014, DHJPAR0040510, DHJPAR0040517, DHJPAR0041587, DHJPAR0041956, DHJPAR0045347.

The combination of body color (yellow orange), metatibia (mostly or entirely dark red brown) and wings (with dark brown infumation, veins and pterostigma mostly brown), as well as hosts (Erebidae, Gonodonta spp) separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius except for S. isidrochaconi. No female specimens are known from S. isidrochaconi but males of both species are distinguishable by slight differences in size, interocellar area color, carination pattern in the propodeum, and the absence in S. phildevriesi of a rather acute projection on the posterior margin of the metascutellum. Additionally, the two species have over 4 % of base pair differences in the barcoding region, and the caterpillars that they parasitize, although belonging to the same genus (Gonodonta), feed on host plants in different families.

Female. Scape color: Partially brown, partially yellow. Mesosoma color: Yellow orange. Metasoma color: Yellow orange. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, anterior 0.8 reddish orange and posterior 0.2 dark brown to black. Metatibia spurs color: Brown. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow. Wings: Infumated. Pterostigma color: Dark brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.8 mm. Fore wing length: 3.6–3.7 mm (X = 3.7 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.3–1.6 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.17/0.09/0.12–0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.2–2.3 × (0.32–0.33/0.14–0.15 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 1.9–2.1 × (0.21–0.22/0.10–0.11 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4–1.6 x. Antenna in males: Flattened on central and apical segments. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.7–4.1 × (0.95–0.98/0.24–0.26 mm). Metatibia length: 1.40 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.45–0.50 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 3.2–3.5 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.57–0.59/0.19–0.20/0.16–0.17/0.17–0.18 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Partially sculptured.

Male. Similar to female. The following morphological details are provided to allow for comparison against the morphologically similar S. isidrochaconi (see Comments below). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.8 mm. Fore wing length: 3.6–3.7 mm (X = 3.7 mm). Metafemur length: 0.98–1.00 mm. Metatibia length: 1.30–1.40 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.52–0.56 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.57–0.58/0.21–0.22/0.17–0.20/0.17–0.19 mm.

Figures 169–175. 

Snellenius phildevriesi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 169 Habitus, lateral view 170 Habitus, dorsal view 171 Wings 172 Metasoma, dorsal view 173 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 174 Propodeum, dorsal view 175 Hind leg.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae: three species of Gonodonta (feeding on Piper and Annonaceae), and Hemeroblemma schausianaDHJ02. Solitary parasitoid (Figs 228, 229).

Five haplotypes, 10 sequences (10 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Phil deVries in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

One male specimen was significantly much smaller than the rest (3.2 mm of body and fore wing lengths), and it was excluded from the description provided above.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Cerro El Hacha, NW Volcan Orosi, 300, 1988.

4♀, 11♂ (BMNH, CNC, USNM, INBio, INHS). COSTA RICA, from the following localities (provinces): ACG, Santa Rosa Headquarters, Cerro El Hacha, and Hacienda El Vieja (Guanacaste), Chiles de Aqua (Alajuela), Rincon, Golfo Dulce (Puntarenas), La Selva (Heredia), Turrialba (Cartago), and San Jose.

This species is characterized by T1 length 2.6 × or less its width at posterior margin, fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins), body color dark reddish brown, ocellar area strongly raised (bounded by strong and coarse punctures), and smooth occiput delimited from coarsely sculptured vertex and gena by a keel resembling a carina. The only ACG Snellenius that might be confused with S. quiricojimenezi is S. robertoespinozai, but the latter has a relatively longer and wider T1, pterostigma entirely brown (pterostigma brown with pale spot at base in S. quiricojimenezi), and scutoscutellar sulcus with one carina (scutoscutellar sulcus with three to five carinae in S. quiricojimenezi).

Female. Scape color: Brown to dark brown. Mesosoma color: Dark reddish brown. Metasoma color: Dark reddish brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow brown, brown, brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, partially yellow and partially brown, brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Brown, brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Entirely or partially transparent or light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.9–3.1 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Fore wing length: 2.9–3.1 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.1–2.3 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.15/0.07/0.13–0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.3–3.5 × (0.28/0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1–2.4 × (0.17/0.07–0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.6 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Three to five (some incomplete laterally). Metafemur length/width: 4.2–4.3 × (0.85–0.87/0.20 mm). Metatibia length: 1.16–1.20 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.45–0.47 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.6 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.48–0.51/0.18–0.20/0.21–0.23/0.19–0.20 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As female except for wings mostly infumated.

Figures 176–182. 

Snellenius quiricojimenezi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 176 Habitus, lateral view 177 Fore wing 178 Hind leg. 179, 180 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view, images taken under slightly different angles 181 Metasoma, dorsal view 182 Metasoma, lateral view.

Costa Rica.

Unknown.

None.

This species is named in honour of Quirico Jiménez in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

The apparent sexual dimorphism observed (females with hyaline wings, males with infumated wings, specimens from the same locality) is unique among all species of Snellenius and Microplitis studied in this paper.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Argelia, 5m, 10.78004, -85.66405. ACG database code: 94-SRNP-1817.

This species is characterized by T1 length 2.6 × its width at posterior margin, fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins), body color reddish brown, ocellar area strongly raised (bounded by strong and coarse punctures), and smooth occiput delimited from coarsely sculptured vertex and gena by a keel resembling a carina. The only ACG Snellenius that might be confused with S. robertoespinozai is S. quiricojimenezi, but the latter has a relatively shorter and narrower T1, pterostigma brown with pale spot at base (pterostigma brown in S. robertoespinozai), and scutoscutellar sulcus with three to five carinae (scutoscutellar sulcus with one carina in S. robertoespinozai).

Male. Scape color: Light brown. Mesosoma color: Reddish brown. Metasoma color: Reddish brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, reddish yellow. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow, light reddish yellow. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, reddish brown. Metatibia spurs color: White yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Brown, brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Entirely or partially transparent or light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.6 mm. Fore wing length: 3.4 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.6 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.7 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14/0.09/0.15 mm. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened (but posterior half of antenna missing). Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.7 × (1.00/0.27 mm). Metatibia length: 1.24 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.47 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.6 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.66/0.30/0.34/0.25 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Female. Unknown.

Figures 183–188. 

Snellenius robertoespinozai Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 183 Habitus, lateral view 184 Fore wing 185 Mesosoma, lateral view 186 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 187 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 188 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Noctuidae: Melipotis cellaris. Solitary parasitoid.

None.

This species is named in honour of Roberto Espinoza in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m, 11.01926, -85.40997. ACG database code: DHJPAR0020763.

11♀, 6♂ (BMNH, CNC, USNM, INBio, INHS). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0020493, DHJPAR0020585, DHJPAR0020586, DHJPAR0020587, DHJPAR0020588, DHJPAR0020589, DHJPAR0020759, DHJPAR0020760, DHJPAR0020761, DHJPAR0020762, DHJPAR0020764, DHJPAR0020766, DHJPAR0020767, DHJPAR0020768, DHJPAR0020769, DHJPAR0030871, 07-SNRP-33753.

The unique combination of wings slightly infumated, body mostly black (at the lightest dark brown), tegula clearly lighter in color than darker humeral complex, all coxae dark brown to black, metatibial spurs yellow white, and host (Helia argentipes) separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown to black. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Brown, black, black. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow brown, brown, black. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow brown, brown, black (except for anterior 0.1–0.2 white). Metatibia spurs color: Yellowish white. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown to black. Tegula and humeral complex color: Brown, dark brown. Wings: Slightly infumated. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.2–3.4 mm. Fore wing length: 2.8–3.1 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.3–2.4 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0–2.1 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.16–0.17/0.07/0.14–0.15 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.1–3.2 × (0.28–0.29/0.09 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.2–2.3 × (0.19–0.20/0.08–0.09 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4–1.5 x. Antenna in males: Strongly flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One. Metafemur length/width: 3.7–3.8 × (0.90–0.93/0.24–0.25 mm). Metatibia length: 1.20 mm (1.18–1.22 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.44–0.45 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 1.8 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.46–0.47/0.25–0.26/0.24/0.25–0.26 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As female but T2 yellow or light brown.

Figures 189–195. 

Snellenius sandyknappae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 189 Habitus, lateral view 190 Wings 191 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 192 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 193 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 194 Propodeum, dorsal view 195 Metasoma, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Erebidae, Helia argentipes. Solitary parasitoid (Figs 224, 225).

One haplotype, 18 sequences (18 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Sandy Knapp in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013342.

Paratype.♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG, database code: DHJPAR0013338.

The combination of metasoma color (T1–T2 orange yellow, T3 yellow, T4 light brown, T5+ brown), metatibia spurs orange brown, fore wing hyaline, and T1 length at least 2.3 × its width at posterior margin separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Half yellow, half brown. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: T1–T2 orange yellow, T3 yellow, T4 light brown, T5+ brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, light brown, brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Orange yellow, orange yellow to light brown, brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Orange yellow, orange yellow, mostly orange yellow (but with anterior 0.2 yellow white and posterior 0.2 brown). Metatibia spurs color: Orange brown. First segment of metatarsus color: Brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, half yellow and half brown. Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 3.2–3.3 mm. Fore wing length: 2.9–3.0 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.7 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.17–0.18/0.08–0.09/0.15 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.6–2.8 × (0.25–0.26/0.09–0.10 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.1–2.3 × (0.17/0.07–0.08 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.5 x. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli slightly to strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One centrally, with four other smaller and partially defined carinae. Metafemur length/width: 3.2–3.4 × (0.86–0.87/0.25–0.27 mm). Metatibia length: 1.07 mm (1.05–1.10 mm). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.42 mm (0.41–0.43 mm). Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.3–2.4 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.52–0.54/0.26–0.27/0.25–0.26/0.22–0.24 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 196–202. 

Snellenius velvaruddae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 196 Habitus, lateral view 197 Wings 198 Metasoma, dorsal view 199 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 200 Metapleuron and metasoma, lateral view 201 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 202 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Unknown.

One haplotype, two sequences (two barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of in recognition of Velva Rudd in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290m, 10.85145, -85.60801. ACG database code: DHJPAR0024695.

1♀ (CNC) COSTA RICA, ACG, database code: DHJPAR0013327; 1♀ (CNC) Costa Rica: San Jose, Ciudad Colon, 800m, xii.1989-i.1990, L. Fournier.

The combination of body color (mesosoma dark brown to black, metasoma with T1 reddish brown with posterior 0.1 orange brown, T2-T3 yellow, rest of metasoma dark brown), anterior 0.6 of metatibia light yellow, and fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a transparent or light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins) separate this species from all other ACG Snellenius.

Female. Scape color: Dark brown. Mesosoma color: Dark brown to black. Metasoma color: T1 reddish brown with posterior 0.1 orange brown, T2-T3 yellow, rest of metasoma dark brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Brown, brown, dark brown (holotype) or yellow, yellow, dark brown (paratype). Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, yellow (but partially brown), dark brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Orange yellow, orange yellow, anterior 0.6 light yellow and posterior 0.4 dark brown. Metatibia spurs color: Yellow. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Dark brown, dark brown (holotype) or dark brown, yellow (paratype). Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with small pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Entirely or partially transparent or light yellow (clearly much lighter than most of surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.5–2.6 mm. Fore wing length: 2.2–2.3 mm. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.1–2.2 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–2.0 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.13–0.14/0.06/0.11–0.13 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 2.7–3.0 × (0.21/0.07–0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.5 × (0.15/0.06 mm). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.4 x. Epicnemial carina: Present. Anteromesoscutum: With relatively shallower and sparser sculpture, central area not appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli slightly to strongly excavated. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly raised and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: Four to five. Metafemur length/width: 4.0–4.1 × (0.70–0.72/0.17–0.18 mm). Metatibia length: 0.93–1.00 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.39–0.40 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.7–2.8 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.36–0.40/0.18–0.20/0.19–0.22/0.13–0.15 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Mostly sculptured.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 203–208. 

Snellenius vickifunkae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 203 Habitus, lateral view 204 Wings 205 Middle and hind legs and metasoma (partially), lateral view 206 Metasoma, dorsal view 207 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 208 Scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica.

Unknown.

Two haplotypes, two sequences (two barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

One of the paratypes (DHJPAR0013327), which is in bad condition, has a brown metafemur. However, the holotype, which is in good condition, has a black metafemur.

This species is named in honour of Vicki Funk in recognition of her contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

♀ in USNM. COSTA RICA: ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013328.

5♀, 5♂ (BMNH, CNC, USNM, INBio, INHS). COSTA RICA, ACG, database codes: DHJPAR0012601, DHJPAR0013317, DHJPAR0013329, DHJPAR0013331, DHJPAR0013333, DHJPAR0013334, DHJPAR0013335, DHJPAR0013337, DHJPAR0024712, DHJPAR0024713.

The combination of T1 length at least 3.0 × its width at posterior margin, body mostly dark reddish brown to brown, metatibia dark brown on posterior 0.8, and metatibial spurs yellow white separates this species from all other ACG Snellenius, except for S. gerardoherrerai. It is distinguishable from the latter species by having scape dark brown, tegula and humeral complex yellow, and relatively longer flagellomeres (flagellomere 2 3.0–3.2 × as long as wide, flagellomere 14 2.5–2.7 × as long as wide).

Female. Scape color: Dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: Black. Metasoma color: Dark brown. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): Yellow, yellow, reddish brown. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): Yellow, orange brown, dark reddish brown. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): Yellow, yellow, yellow white on anterior 0.4 and dark brown on posterior 0.6. Metatibia spurs color: White. First segment of metatarsus color: Dark brown. Tegula and humeral complex color: Yellow, yellow (rarely yellow, partially yellow and partially brown). Wings: Hyaline. Pterostigma color: Brown with small pale spot at base. Fore wing veins 1RS and (RS+M)a: Brown (same color as surrounding veins). Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.9–3.2 mm (X = 3.0 mm). Fore wing length: 2.5–2.7 mm (X = 2.6 mm). Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.9–2.0 x. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.7–1.8 x. Ocular-ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter/interocellar distance: 0.14–0.15/0.07–0.08/0.12–0.14 mm. Antennal flagellomere 2 length/width: 3.0–3.1 × (0.24–0.25/0.08 mm). Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width: 2.2–2.7 × (0.15–0.16/0.06–0.07). Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.5–1.7 x. Antenna in males: Of normal appearance, not flattened. Epicnemial carina: Present (partially visible). Anteromesoscutum: With strong, coarse sculpture, central area appearing elevated compared to lateral areas of anteromesoscutum, notauli wide and deeply excavated, with numerous crenulae. Scutellar disc sculpture: With deeper sculpture near margins, central part appearing slightly elevated and less sculptured. Number of carinae in scutoscutellar sulcus: One complete and up to four incomplete. Metafemur length/width: 3.6–3.8 × (0.80/0.21–0.22 mm). Metatibia length: 1.05–1.08 mm. First segment of metatarsus length: 0.38–0.40 mm. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.5–2.7 x. Mediotergite 1 length/width at anterior margin/maximum width/width at posterior margin: 0.43–0.46/0.20/0.19–0.20/0.17 mm. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: Fully sculptured.

Male. As in female but with lighter coloration on metafemur.

Figures 209–215. 

Snellenius warrenwagneri Fernández-Triana & Whitfield. 209 Habitus, lateral view 210 Wings 211 Hind leg and metasoma (partially), lateral view 212 Metasoma, lateral view 213 Metasoma, dorsal view 214 Head and mesosoma (partially), dorsal view 215 Propodeum, dorsal view.

Costa Rica, ACG.

Unknown.

Four haplotypes, 10 sequences (10 barcode-compliant) in BOLD.

This species is named in honour of Warren Wagner in recognition of his contribution to understanding the plant biology of ACG.

Figures 216–217. 

Host parasitized larvae and cocoons of Microplitis and Snellenius species of Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. 216 Microplitis espinachi Walker 217 Microplitis francopupulini Fernández-Triana & Whitfield.

Figures 218–225. 

218–219 Microplitis figueresi Walker, 2003 220–221 Microplitis marini Whitfield, 2003 222 Snellenius felipechavarriai Fernández-Triana & Whitfield 223 Snellenius kerrydresslerae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield 224–225 Snellenius sandyknappae Fernández-Triana & Whitfield

Figures 226–227. 

226 Snellenius bobdressleri Fernández-Triana & Whitfield 227 Snellenius isidrochaconi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield.

Figures 228–229. 

Snellenius phildevriesi Fernández-Triana & Whitfield.

Figures 230–233. 

Microplitis marini Whitfield, 2003, female holotype; all scale bars are 1 mm. 230 Habitus, lateral view 231 Habitus, dorsal view 232 Wings 233 Head, frontal view.

Figure 234. 

Interspecific variation of DNA barcodes among species of ACG Microplitis and Snellenius displayed using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987) with distances computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) conducted in MEGA6 (Tamura et al 2013). When there was more than one sequence available for each species, the representative sequence was selected based on quality (longest read length with the fewest ambiguities). Tip labels are the species name|number of barcoded specimens in the ACG database at the time of writing |host species|host family.