Research Article |
Corresponding author: Wolfram Mey ( wolfram.mey@gmx.de ) Academic editor: Susanne Randolf
© 2021 Wolfram Mey, Hans Malicky.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Mey W, Malicky H (2021) Records and descriptions of caddisflies from Natma Taung National Park and adjacent localities in the Chin Hills of Myanmar (Insecta, Trichoptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68(1): 139-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819
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During several excursions to the Chin Hills of Myanmar from 2001 to 2015, rich collections of caddisflies were made which form the basis of the present taxonomic and biogeographic study. A total of 106 species were identified including seven new species. They are described as Arctopsyche subflava sp. nov., Hydromanicus abdominalis sp. nov., Cheumatopsyche janosolahi sp. nov., Lepidostoma subpanaitos sp. nov., Aplatyphylax pumilus sp. nov., Adicella natmataungensis sp. nov. and Triaenodes mindatensis sp. nov.
Illustrations of the male genitalia and images of the adults are provided. Two species names were recognised as junior synonyms: Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000, = Hydropsyche januha Oláh & Barnard, 2008, syn. nov.; Hydropsyche khasigiri Oláh & Barnard, 2008, = Hydropsyche kiogupa Oláh & Schefter, 2008, syn. nov.
In an attempt to determine the biogeographic character of the fauna, the known ranges of all resident species were plotted into three longitudinal transects from 85°–95°E, 95–98°E and 98°–108°E, ranging from the eastern Himalayas to northern Vietnam. About half of the species have ranges extending over all three transects. The fauna is equally composed of western and eastern species qualifying the Chin Hills as part of a transition zone including palearctic elements. Most of the species, which are widely distributed in south-east Asia, are members of the suborder Annulipalpia. The investigations of the authors yielded 77 autochthonous species, which have been unrecorded from the country including the newly-described taxa. This brings the number of species records from Mynamar to 304.
inventory, new species descriptions, new synonyms, Oriental Faunistic Region, Palaearctic Faunistic Region, transition zone
Local inventories are key data resources for measuring insect diversity, recognising ranges of taxa and planning conservation activities. Inventories provide enduring information and are archives of life, assuming that the sampled material is stored and conserved adequately. Many such inventories are needed in each country to reveal the general and unique features of a country`s insect fauna and of the biogeographic regions of which the country is a part.
There is only one locality in Myanmar which can be regarded as intensively sampled for Trichoptera, the area around Kambaiti in the Miytkyina District of the Kachin Province. It is about 5 km from the Yunnan border and situated at an elevation of 2000 m. The collector was René Malaise and his wife Ebba. The couple spent three and a half months at this place in 1934 collecting huge amounts of insects by using traps designed by R. Malaise and later named after him (
In 2002, the first author (WM) joined an excursion to the Chin Hills organised by Dr. Stefan Naumann (SN) (Berlin), who travelled to the area the year before in search of Saturniidae and Eupterotidae (Lepidoptera, Macroheterocera), lepidopteran families for which he is one of the world’s leading specialists. With the participation of WM, the objectives of the 2002 excursion were extended to include Microlepidoptera and Trichoptera in an effors to gather information from this then largely unexplored mountain range. During this short excursion, adult caddisflies were sampled at several locations and altitudes in the Natma Taung National Park (NTNP) and in adjacent areas. SN visited the Chin Hills repeatedly in subsequent years until 2015 and brought back additional samples of caddisflies that he donated to the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (MfN). Examination of the collected material immediately started after returning from Myanmar in 2002, but came to an abrupt stop due to more urgent commitments of the first author. The study of the Trichoptera samples was resumed in 2019 and first results were published by
The Natma Taung National Park (NTNP) is one of Myanmar`s 43 currently existing protected areas (
Views from the NTNP. A. View to summit of Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria); B. Chin Hills, north of Kanpetlet; C. Myohaung Camp; D. Road to Mt. Victoria; E. Sign post and information table at the entrance to NTNP; F. SN and WM on top of Natma Taung; G. Stream crossing the road from Mindat to Matupi; H. Locality of shifting cultivation.
Caddisflies were collected during various months in the Chin Hills from 2001 to 2015.
The main sampling sites with coordinates and altitude are as follows:
Falam, 1 km north-east, 22°54'49"N, 93°40'40"E, 1430–1700 m a.s.l.
Hakha, 1.5 km west, 22°38'43.94"N, 93°36'18.12"E, 2260 m a.s.l.
Kanpetlet, 2 miles west, 21°12'N, 94°01'E, 1700 m a.s.l.
Kanpetlet, 6 miles west, area of Mt. Victoria, 21°12'N, 93°59'E, 2060 m a.s.l., Fig.
Kanpetlet, 5 miles west, Myohaung Camp, 21°13'N, 93°58'E, 1950 m a.s.l., Fig.
Kanpetlet, 8 miles camp, way to Mt. Victoria, 21°13'N, 93°55'E, 2500 m a.s.l., Fig.
Mindat, 8 km west, Agricultural Research Station, 21°23.440'N, 93°52.478'E, 1916 m a.s.l.
Mindat-Matupi road, 22 miles camp, 21°26.427'N, 93°47.121'E, 2286 m a.s.l., Fig.
Mindat-Matupi road, 30 miles camp, 21°29.782'N, 93°47.364'E, 2498 m a.s.l.
Mindat, 16 miles west, 16 miles camp, 21°23'N, 93°50'E, 2500 m a.s.l.
Mindat, 2 miles south-west, sign post at border to NTNP, 21°21'N, 93°57'E, 1280 m a.s.l., Fig.
Tiddim (Tedim), environment of Thaing-gnin, 23°22'33"N, 93°39'14"E, 2160–2310 m a.s.l.
The sampling of caddisflies concentrated on adults, which were collected by sweeping the riparian vegetation along watercourses with hand-nets in the daytime. Collecting at night in 2002 was performed with a 12V battery-operated light-tower (2 × 15 Watt, superactinic light tubes, F. Weber Company, Stuttgart, Germany). The tower was in operation for about 4 hours starting at sunset and finishing, when the temperature dropped below 6 °C and insects ceased arriving. Most of the material, sampled by SN, was gathered at the lights by picking up the insects manually from a white sheet illuminated by a single 160 or 250 W bulb. The lamp was powered by a Honda Ex 350 generator. Most of the imagines were immediately preserved in ethyl alcohol (75%), while others were pinned or micro-pinned and stored dry in small boxes. Dry preserved specimens are indicated as pinned, while the remaining material is preserved in ethyl alcohol. The material is deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (MfN), with voucher specimens in the collection of the second author.
In contrast to the practice for Lepidoptera, the descriptions of new species of Trichoptera are rarely accompanied by photos of the adults. Most articles about Trichoptera in south-east Asia go without. We decided to publish images of some species, demonstrating in this way, the diversity of forms and colours of adults, including some types of new species described herein.
Dissection of genitalia was performed according to the procedure described by
In order to obtain an idea about the biogeographic character of the Trichoptera fauna of the Chin Hills, distributional data of the registered species were gathered from literature (
All identified species of the Chin Hills are listed systematically according to family affiliation and, within those, in alphabetical order. Their known distributions are indicated by using country abbreviations in the three columns of the table representing the three transects. Information about the original description of the species, on bibliographic data and references to synonyms are available from the Trichoptera World Catalogue of
The biogeographic affinities of the new species, described from the Chin Hills, were derived from the location or range of their nearest relatives, which are noted and discussed in the diagnoses of the species descriptions. In some cases, the assignment is un-problematical (cf. Arctopsyche subflava sp. nov.), whereas in others, a clear assignment to one of the three transects was not possible because closely-related species are present in several transects. The distributions of these species are indicated with an asterix (*) that may occur in more than one column. The comparison of species numbers per transect is thought to provide chorological patterns of Trichoptera species distributed in the area between the Himalayas and northern Vietnam. It is, admittedly, a rough analysis, but in the absence of sufficiently accumulated knowledge of range patterns, the method may provide some useful insights into the biogeographic character of the fauna of the Chin Hills and into the distribution patterns of species in south-east Asia and adjacent areas.
Rhyacophilidae
5 ♂ 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 11.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
2 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 11.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
1 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
1 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
4 ♂ (Holotype and paratypes), Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
3 ♂ (Holotype and paratypes), Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 06/20, (pinned).
Images of adult caddisflies from the Chin Hills. A. Rhyacophila scissoides; B. Rhyacophila parva; C. Glossosoma malayanum; D. Chimarra nahesson; E. Kisaura longispina; F. Diplectrona aurovittata; G. Diplectrona burha; H. Diplectrona sanguana; J. Hydromanicus abdominalis sp. nov., ♂ holotype; K. Hydromanicus seth. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Images of adults from the Chin Hills. A. Hydropsyche pallipenne; B. Arctopsyche subflava sp. nov., ♂ holotype; C. Aplatyphylax pumilus sp. nov., ♂ holotype; D. Micrasema turbo; E. Lepidostoma assamense; F. Lepidostoma serratum; G. Lepidostoma ylesomi; H. Paraphlegopteryx aykroydi; J. Adicella natmataungensis sp. nov., ♂ paratype; K. Poecilopsyche duhchasana. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
2 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 2 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
2 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 02/20 (pinned); 2 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
1 ♀, Kennedy Peak, 2690 m a.s.l., 18.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 1 ♀, Mindat – Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2266 m a.s.l., 14–15.v..2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The female specimens cannot be assigned to any of the other collected species. They belong to three different species.
1 ♀, Tiddim, Thaing gnin Village, 2100 m a.s.l., 4–5.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned)
3 ♂, Mindat-Matupi road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann
1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey
1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey
2 ♂, Tiddim, 1 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2160 m a.s.l., 17.v.2001. leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey; 3 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (pinned)
1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 30 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann
(Holotype): 1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 30 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann
1 ♂, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂1 ♀, Tiddim, 1 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2160 m a.s.l., 17.v.2001. leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 4 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2310 m a.s.l., 25.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 03/20, (pinned); 1♂ 1 ♀, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 6 ♂, path to Mt. Victoria, 2600 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann
(type specimens): 1 ♂, 4 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2310 m a.s.l., 25.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann; 4 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
11 ♂, Tiddim, Thaing gnin Village, 2200 m a.s.l., 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (3 ♂ pinned); 21 ♂ 1 ♀, 4 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2310 m a.s.l., 25.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 17 ♂ 3 ♀, 1.5 km west of Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, west of Kampetlet, 1750 m a.s.l., 23.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, 8 km west of Mindat, 1914 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 6 ♂ 1 ♀, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m, Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
The male genitalia of this widespread species are variable. In Fig.
1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, 1.5 km west of Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., at light, 24.v.2001, at light, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The male genitalia of this species are variable. In Fig.
2 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1280 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (1 ♂ in coll. Malicky).
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
1 ♂, 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 07/20, (pinned); 1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, leg. W. Mey; 1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 1 ♂1 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
2 ♂ 2 ♀, 1 km east of Mindat, 1278 m a.s.l., 9.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
(type specimen): 1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
1 ♂, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 08/20, (pinned); 8 ♂, 2 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 6 ♂, 2 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, (2 ♂ 2 ♀, pinned); 1 ♂, W Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 23–24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 08/20, (pinned).
1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 26/20, (pinned); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
7 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (4 ♂, 1 ♀, pinned); 4 ♂ 3 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (3 ♂, 3 ♀pinned); 1 ♂, same locality, 11.x.2002, leg. W. Mey; 1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 30 miles camp, 2498 m a.s.l., 19.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned); 1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 2 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, photo 21/20, (pinned); 2 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1 ♂, Thaing gnin Village, 2100 m a.s.l., 4–5.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
2 ♂ 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned); 7 ♂ 3 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, photo 35/20, (3 ♂ 3 ♀, pinned); 3 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, photo 19/20, leg. W. Mey (2 ♂ pinned).
There is a number of very similar species with a large distribution in south-east Asia displaying a certain variation in male genitalia (
1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial, (pinned).
1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned).
1 ♂, 30 miles camp, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
6 ♂ 3 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, ♂ genitalia in glycerine vial (6 ♂ 3 ♀ pinned); 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (2 ♂ 3 ♀, pinned).
2 ♀, West Hakha, 23–24.v.2001, 2260 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 3 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, ♂ genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned); 3 ♀, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 8 km west of Mindat, 1914 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♀, 1 km east of Mindat, 9.xi.2015, 1278 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
5 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, ♂genitalia in glycerine vial (3 ♂ pinned); 1♂ 1 ♀, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 1 km east of Mindat, 9.xi.2015, 1278 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, 14 km west of Mindat, 10.xi.2015, 1910 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
(Holotype): 1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 6 ♂, 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned); 2 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 2 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 22 ♂ 1 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (6 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned); 3 ♂, 5 km west of Kampetlet, 1900 m a.s.l., 31.1.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, path to Mt. Victoria, 2600 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
2 ♂ 2 ♀, West Hakha, 23–24.v.2001, 2260 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Kennedy Peak, 2690 m a.s.l., 16.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 8 ♂, 4♀, Tiddim, Thang-gnin, 2200 m a.s.l., 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 1 ♂, west of Kampetlet, 1750 m a.s.l., 23.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, 30 miles camp, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 7 ♂ 10 ♀, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2260 m a.s.l., 20.v.2012; leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 12 ♂ 9 ♀, Mindat, Agricultural Station, 1916 m a.s.l., 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
2 ♂, West Hakha, 23–24.v.2001, 2260 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
The forewings display a conspicuous pattern with three oblique, yellow streaks, two in the thyridial cell and one in the anal loop. The anal wing margin and the postcubital fields are yellow. This pattern is present in males and females and allows the association of sexes.
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey.
(Holotype and paratypes): 2 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, (1 ♂ pinned).
1 ♂, Tiddim, Thaing gnin, 2200 m a.s.l., 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey.
(Holotype and paratypes): 3 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 18/20, (2/0 pinned).
23 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey, (7 ♂ pinned); 7 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♂, 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
The form of the intermediate and inferior appendages of the male genitalia slightly differs from specimens from India. The male genitalia are depicted in Fig.
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, 9 miles west of Mindat, 21°22'N, 93°55'E, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, at light, leg. W. Mey (MfN).
Latin, subflavus, pale yellow (adjective), named after the pale-yellow band along the termen and dorsal margin of forewings.
The new species shares with A. inaequispinosis Schmid, 1968 (described from Sikkim) 1) the pale-yellow band on the forewings and 2) a similar architecture of the male genitalia. The species differ in the form of the bifid intermediate appendages, with longer dorsal branches in A. subflava sp. nov. and longer ventral branches in A. inaequispinosus. The second segment of the inferior appendages has a prominent ventral keel in the new species, whereas this keel is inconspicuous and flat in A. inaequispinosus. Both species form a species pair in the A. composita group (sensu
Forewing length 14 mm, wing span 30 mm. Head and antennae pale yellow, eyes large, hemispherical, cephalic dorsal warts with pale yellow hairs, hairs on occiputal warts black, labial and maxillary palpi brown; mesonotum dark brown laterally and with median, pale yellow band bearing short, yellow hairs; tegulae of forewings with long, black hairs, fork 4 very long, starting at the base of the median cell, wing membrane grey, sparsely covered with short black hairs, membrane with pale spots along costal and apical margins, dorsal margins with a broad, pale yellow band extending on termen (= outer margin) towards wing apices, termen somewhat concave; hindwings membranous, costal area covered with short brown hairs, fork 1 with short stalk.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Female. Unknown
Only known from the Chin Hills, Myanmar.
Mountainous species with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light.
(type specimen): 1 ♂, 8 km west of Mindat, 1914 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2008, LF, leg. leg. S. Naumann
2 ♂ 3 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 10/20 (pinned); 2 ♂, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey; 2 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂, Mindat, 1278 m a.s.l., 9.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 6 ♂ 4 ♀, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, photo 11/20, leg. W. Mey; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (1 ♀pinned); 4 ♂ 3 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (3 ♂ 3 ♀ pinned); 3 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey.
2 ♂ 2 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine (pinned).
16 ♂ 5 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, photo 17/20, LF, leg. W. Mey (5 ♂ 5 ♀ pinned).
1 ♂ 3 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
14 ♂ 10 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, (11 ♂ 10 ♀, pinned).
1 ♂, Tiddim, Thaing gnin Village, 2200 m a.s.l., 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., area of Mt. Victoria, 21°12'N, 93°59'E, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, at light, leg. W. Mey, photo 43/20 (MfN).
Latin, abdominalis, adjective of abdomen, named after the contrasting yellow colour of the male abdomen including most of the genitalia structures.
The new species is assigned to the H. verrucosus group, as defined by
Length of forewing 8.7 mm, wing span 18 mm. Head and thorax black, cephalic warts with black bristles, eyes small, interocular index 1.0, antennae black, longer than forewing length, proepistermal setal wart present, legs black, inner spur of fore-tibiae very small, inner ungues of praetarsi with bundle of black hairs; forewings dark brown, with naked (= without hairs) costal field, fork 1 present (Fig.
Male genitalia (scale: 0.5 mm) and wing venation. A. Wing venation of Hydromanicus abdominalis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (scale: 2 mm); Adicella natmataungensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype, B. Dorsal, C. Phallic apparatus, ventral, D. Lateral; Aplatyphylax pumilus sp. nov., ♂ holotype; E. Lateral, F. Dorsal, G. Ventral; Triaenodes mindatensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype, H. Lateral, J. Dorsal, K. Ventral, L. Inferior appendage, dorsal.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Myanmar, Chin Hills
Mountainous species with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted to light.
1 ♂, 30 miles camp, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂ 3 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (3 ♀ pinned).
(Holotype and paratypes): 1 ♂, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1♂, 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann; 4 ♂, Mindat, Agricultural Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 16–18.v.2012, 30 miles camp, 2496 m a.s.l., leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♂, 1.5 km west of Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned), cleared abdomen in glycerine vial; 4 ♂, 8 km west of Mindat, 1914 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, 14 km west of Mindat, 1910 m a.s.l., 10.xi.2015, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The species belongs to the H. truncatus group sensu
1 ♂, 30 miles camp, Natma Taung National Park, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
2 ♂ 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, genitalia in glycerine vial, (1 ♂ pinned).
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 8 miles camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, at light, genitalia in glycerine vial (MfN).
Paratypes (pinned): 2 ♂, same data as holotype (MfN)
The species is named in honour of Janos Oláh, who reviewed the Oriental and Afrotropical species of this genus.
The new species belongs to the C. holzschuhi group (
Length of forewing 5–5.5 mm. Head and thorax black, cephalic warts with black bristles, eyes small, interocular index 1.0, antennae dark brown, longer than forewing length, indistinct spots at articulations on ventral side; legs brown, inner spur of fore-tibiae very small; forewings brown, with golden-brown macula on subapical costal field, fork 1 present, hindwings sparsely covered by brown hairs, fork 1 present.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Myanmar, Chin Hills.
Mountainous species with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light.
1 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
10 ♂, Falam, 1500–1700 m a.s.l., 21–22.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, 1 km east of Mindat, 1278 m a.s.l., 9.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
= Hydropsyche januha Oláh & Barnard, 2008, syn. nov.
1 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey; 1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen and metathorax in glycerine vial, (pinned).
The illustrations of the male genitalia of Hydropsyche januha Oláh & Barnard, 2008b: 60, described from Khasi Hills, matches nearly completely with the genitalia of H. athamas. The species is herewith synonymised with H. athamas.
2 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2280 m a.s.l., 14–15.vi.2012, at light, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The species was described from Nepal and later reported also from Bhutan (
2 ♂, 1 km north-east of Falam, 1500–1700 m a.s.l., 21–22.v.2001, genitalia in glycerine vial, leg. S. Naumann (1 ♂ pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat, 1453 a.s.l.m, 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
4 ♂ 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 3 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, 1 ♂genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned).
The range of the species extends from eastern Tibet, north-east India, Yunnan to Myanmar. The occurrence in the Chin Hills is the southernmost record suggests an uninterrupted occurrence along the north-south stretching mountain ranges connecting the Chin Hills with the eastern Himalayas.
1 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
= Hydropsyche kiogupa Oláh & Schefter, 2008, syn. nov.
4 ♂, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (1 ♂, pinned); 7 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 8 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (3 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned); 1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann 2 ♂, Myanmar, Chin, east of Kalemyo, west of Thaing Gnin Village, 23°12.861'N, 93°48.478'E, 6.xi.2015, 2090 m a.s.l., genitalia in glycerine vial, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, same locality, 4–5.xi.2015; 2 ♂, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 20.v.2012; 1 ♂, Falam, 22°54'49"N, 93°40'40"E, 1500–1700 m, a.s.l.21–22.v.2001, genitalia in glycerine vial; 1 ♂, 30 miles camp, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 14 km W Mindat, 1910 m a.s.l., 10.xi.2015, all leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The species was at first identified as H. kiogupa Oláh & Barnard, 2008 and described from the Naga Hills of Manipur, which are connected with the Chin Hills in the south. In the male genitalia, the dorsal keel of segment IX, the dorsal depression between segment IX and X and the endothecal processes of the phallic apparatus exhibit some variation, which includes also the genital morphology of H. khasigiri, as illustrated in
6 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 18/20, (pinned); 1 ♂, Tiddim, Thaing gnin Village, 2200 a.s.l. m, 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, W Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 23–24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (1 ♂ pinned); 2 ♂, Natma Taung National Park, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 4 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey; 2 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
6 ♂, Falam, 1500–1700 m a.s.l., 21–22.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Tiddim, Thaing gnin Village, 2200 m a.s.l., 17–20.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 4 km north-west of Thaing-gnin, 2310 m, 25.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 3 ♂, W Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 23–24.5.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (1 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned); 1 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 3 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey; 2 ♂, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, path to Mt. Victoria, 2600 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann; 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 30 miles camp, 2495 m a.s.l., 24–26.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (2 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned); 3 ♂, 20 miles camp, 2350 m a.s.l., 27.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 7 ♂, Mindat, 8 km east, 1914 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann (1 ♂ pinned); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Mindat-Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–18.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
6 ♂ 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, area of Mt. Victoria, photo 15/20, leg. W. Mey, (4 ♂ 1 ♀, pinned)
1 ♂, west of Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 23–24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann; 4 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (2 ♂ pinned); 3 ♂, W Hakha, 2260 m a.s.l., 23–24.v.2001, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 13.5.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
2 ♀, Mindat-Matupi Road, 2286 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, Mindat, Agricultural Station, 1916 m a.s.l., 10.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♀, road to Matupi, 25 miles camp, 12.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
12 ♂ 1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photos 30/20, 33/20, (6 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned); 2 ♂, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, leg. W. Mey.
1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
1 ♀, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
6 ♂ 3 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, (pinned); 10 ♂ 6 ♀, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.2002, cleared ♂ abdomen in glycerine vial, (6 ♂ 6 ♀ pinned); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, road to Matupi, 25 miles camp, 12.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
11 ♂, 6 ♀, Myohaung Camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 09/20, (7 ♂, 4 ♀pinned); 4 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 29/20, (pinned); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., LF, 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Mindat – Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2266 m a.s.l., 14–15.v..2012, leg. S. Naumann (1 ♂ 1 ♀ pinned).
2 ♂, Natma Taung National Park, path to Mt. Victoria, 2600 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
(Holotype and paratypes): 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 10 ♂, 4 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 12/20, 13/20, (4 ♂ 4 ♀ pinned); 1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, leg. W. Mey; 1 ♂, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002 (pinned).
2 ♂, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1260 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey.
2 ♂, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 25/20, (1 ♂ pinned).
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 8 miles camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, at light, genitalia in glycerine vial (MfN).
Paratypes (pinned): 1 ♂, same data as holotype (MfN).
The name refers to the close similarity to L. panaitos Malicky & Silalom, 2012.
This species is closely related to L. panaitos Malicky & Silalom, 2012, described from Chiangmai Province (Thailand) and L. parva (Mosely, 1941), described from northern Myanmar. L. subpanaitos sp. nov. differs by having the inferior appendages much more slender at bases, by absent baso-dorsal processes and with possessing parameres longer than phallus.
Length of forewing 8 mm. Head brown, second segment of male maxillary palpi with erected bundle of black, androconical scales, labial palpi with basal segment very short, terminal segment longer than second segment; scape short, curved and kneed subapically, covered with long bristles, flagellomeres bicoloured, yellow basally and brown apically; forewings brown, small androconial scales sparsely distributed at base and along veins, costal fold with hair comb, end of thyridial cell with naked spot; wing venation in Fig.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Myanmar, Chin Hills
Mountainous species with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light.
(Holotype and paratypes): 11 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (2 ♂ pinned)
1 ♂, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 09/20, (pinned); 2 ♂, 14 km W Mindat, 1910 m a.s.l., 10.xi.2015, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat – Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2266 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m a.s.l., 3–5.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 14/20, (1 ♂ 2 ♀pinned); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1 ♂, west of Kampetlet, 1750 m a.s.l., 23.vi.2008, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Mindat – Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2266 m a.s.l., 14–15.v..2012, leg. S. Naumann; 1 ♂, Mindat, Agricultural Station, 1916 a.s.l.m, 22.5.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 10.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Matupi, 25 miles camp, 12.xi.2015, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
(Holotype and paratypes): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Mindat – Matupi Road, 22 miles camp, 2266 m a.s.l., 14–15.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, at light, leg. W. Mey, photo 24/20 (MfN).
Paratypes (pinned): 1 ♂, same data as holotype (MfN); 2 ♂, Natma Taung National Park, 16 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 10.x.20002, at light, leg. W. Mey, photo 23/20, genitalia in glycerine vial (MfN).
Latin, pumilus, pygmy, referring to the small size of the male adults.
With 8–9 mm forewing length, the new species appears to be the smallest in the genus. The broadly-rounded apices of the forewings and the absent tessellated bands on abdominal sternites are further distinguishing characters. Concerning male genitalia, the short inferior appendage, the long, free intermediate appendages and the curved parameres are similar with A. unicornis (Mey & Yang, 2001) described from Shaanxi, China. The slightly serrate dorsal margins of the intermediate appendages and the forewing pattern are unique features of the new species, which together with A. unicornis, seems to take an isolated position within the genus. The majority of Aplatyphylax species occur in the Eastern Himalayas from Sikkim to Assam (
Length of forewing 8–9 mm (♂), wing span 16–18 mm. Head and thorax dark brown, setal warts slightly paler, frons and palpi light brown, antennae yellow-brown, somewhat longer than forewings; legs yellow-brown, spines black, absent on praetarsi, spurs 1.2.2; membrane of forewings light grey, with scattered pale spots, nygma present at base of fork 2 and in apical part of thyridial cell, venation as in A. mishmicus Kimmins, 1950 (genotype); abdomen yellow-brown, sternites unicoloured, without bands of tessellate structures on dorsal sides.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Myanmar, Chin Hills.
Mountainous species (1900–2500 m a.s.l.) with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light.
1 ♂1 ♀, 9 miles west of Mindat, 1960 m a.s.l., 9.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (1 ♀ pinned)
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 8 miles camp, area of Mt. Victoria, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, at light, leg. W. Mey, genitalia slide Mey 31/20 (MfN).
Paratypes : 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (pinned), photo 31/10, 1 ♂ (in alcohol), same data as holotype (MfN).
The specific epithet refers to the name of the type locality, the summit Natma Taung (= Mt. Victoria).
The species does not exhibit a clear similarity to any of the known species of China, the Indian or South East Asian regions. According to male genitalia, the species resembles those of the A. pulcherrima group. However, the external morphological criteria of the group, as listed by Schmid (1994) and
Length of forewings 5.6–6 mm, wing span 13 mm. Head and thorax dark brown, vestiture on setal warts brown, palpi brown, basal segments of antennae and flagellum densely covered by short brown hairs; legs pale brown, spurs 1.2.2; forewings densely covered by brown hairs, maculae absent, jugal area and base of anal veins with short, erect hairs; hindwings sparsely covered by brown hairs, veins darker than membrane, fringes longer than diameter of wings, hair brush on jugal area absent.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Myanmar, Chin Hills.
Mountainous species (2500 m a.s.l.) with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light.
1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
The individual insect is notably larger than the two preceding species and represents a third species that occurs sympatrically with A. natmataungensis sp. nov.
Holotype ♂ (pinned), Myanmar, Chin, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 2 miles south of Mindat, 1280 m a.s.l., 12.x.2002, at light, leg. W. Mey, genitalia slide Mey 52/20 (MfN).
The specific epithet refers to the name of the type locality near the township of Mindat.
In the male genitalia, the new species is closely related to T. trivulcio Schmid, 1994, described from Manipur and T. dusrus Schmid, 1965, described from Yunnan, but differs by the trilobate form of the inferior appendages, which are pointed in T. trivulcio and deeply split in T. dusrus. The forewings of T. mindatensis sp. nov. are brown and bear some dark apical spots. Related species are also T. pentheus Malicky, 2005 and T. menestheus Malicky, 2005, which seem to be widely distributed in South-East Asia (
Length of forewing 8 mm. Head and thorax light brown, hairs of setal warts brown, maxilary palpi covered with long grey-brown hairs, labial palpi short, light brown; antennae yellow-brown, scape with longer hairs apically, flagellum smoothly haired, indistinctly flecked on articulations; legs yellow-brown, smooth, spurs 1.2.2; forewings densely clothed by brown hairs, some darker spots at apex extending into fringes, hindwings membranous, apical area with sparse hairs, fork 1 seemingly absent.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Myanmar, Chin Hills.
Sub-mountainous species (1280 m a.s.l.) with flight period in autumn. Adults are attracted by light. The larvae of Triaenodes species are usually inhabitants of stagnant waters.
1 ♀, 2 km east of Kanpetlet, 1700 m a.s.l., 2.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 1 ♀, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
1 ♂, 1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, genitalia slide Mey 30/20, photo 27/20, 28/20, (pinned).
1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned).
(Holotype): 1 ♂, Natma Taung National Park, path to Mt. Victoria, 2600 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, photo 32/20, (pinned).
1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., Agricultural Research Station, 22.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1♂, Chin Hills, Natma Taung National Park, 15 km north of Mindat, 4.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat, 1453 m a.s.l., 21.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann.
1 ♂, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, cleared abdomen in glycerine vial (pinned); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 8 miles camp, 2500 m a.s.l., 6–8.x.2002, LF, leg. W. Mey, (pinned); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Matupi, 25 miles camp, 12.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, 14 km W Mindat, 1910 m a.s.l., 10.xi.2015, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat, 1916 m a.s.l., 12.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned); 1 ♂, Mindat – Matupi Road, 1910 m a.s.l., 20.v.2012, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
The first information on caddisflies of the Chin Hills and from its National Park was provided by
From a biogeographical point of view, the fauna of the Chin Hills should resemble the fauna of the Indian Subregion (
Distribution of resident species from the Chin Hills and their occurrences in adjacent countries plotted to longitudinal sections (85°–95°E: A = Assam, B = Bhuthan, H = Himalayas; I = India, N = Nepal, Ti = Tibet; 95°–98°E: M = Myanmar, S = Sichuan, Y = Yunnan; 98°–108°E: C = Cambodia, L = Laos, Ma = Malaysia, T = Thailand, V = Vietnam). Presumed localities of near relatives of the new species are indicated by an asterix (*). Species marked with bold are 12 additional records retrieved from
Species/taxon | West-east longitudinal gradient | ||
---|---|---|---|
85°–95° | 95°–98° | 98°–108° | |
Rhyacophila assimilis Kimmins, 1953 | A | M | |
Rhyacophila aureomaculata Schmid, 1970 | A | ||
Rhyacophila bifida Kimmins, 1953 | Ti | M, Y | T |
Rhyacophila chenmo Schmid, 1970 | A | ||
Rhyacophila curvata Morton, 1900 | A, I | Y | T, Y |
Rhyacophila manipuri Schmid, 1970 | A | ||
Rhyacophila marae Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Rhyacophila parva Kimmins, 1953 | A | ||
Rhyacophila scissa Morton, 1900 | A, H | T | |
Rhyacophila scissioides Kimmins, 1953 | A, H, N | M, Y | T |
Rhyacophila scotina Kimmins, 1953 | A | ||
Rhyacophila spec. A | |||
Himalopsyche lanceolata (Morton, 1900) | A | ||
Himalopsyche navasi Banks, 1940 | S | V | |
Apsilochorema annandalei Martynov, 1935 | I N | ||
Apsilochorema tanum Schmid, 1970 | I | ||
Apsilochorema utchtchunam Schmid, 1970 | I, N | M | T, V |
Glossosoma atestas Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | I, N | S, Y | V |
Glossosoma dentatum McLachlan, 1875 | I, N | ||
Glossosoma hamael Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | * | |
Glossosoma hemantajam Schmid, 1971 | I | ||
Glossosoma malayanum Banks, 1934 | B | Ma, T, V | |
Glossosoma vehuel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | * | |
Chimarra aberrans Martynov, 1935 | I, N | ||
Chimarra argax Malicky, 1989 | C, Ma, T | ||
Chimarra areli Malicky & Mey, 2008 | C | ||
Chimarra ariadne Malicky, 1997 | Nikobar | ||
Chimarra crepidata Kimmins, 1957 | A | ||
Chimarra devva Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993 | T, V | ||
Chimarra nahesson Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993 | T, V | ||
Chimarra okuihorum Mey, 1998 | N | T, V | |
Chimarra otiel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | * | * |
Chimarra scopulifera Kimmins, 1955 | N | T, V | |
Wormaldia relicta (Martynov, 1935) | B, N | M | T, V |
Wormaldia serrata (Kimmins, 1955) | M | T | |
Wormaldia simulans Kimmins, 1955 | M | ||
Wormaldia therapion Schmid, 1991 | I | ||
Wormaldia timoleon Schmid, 1991 | I | ||
Kisaura alsuel Malicky, 2012 | A | ||
Kisaura longispina (Kimmins, 1955) | M | T, V | |
Kisaura moselyi (Kimmins, 1955) | M | ||
Kisaura sura Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993 | T, V | ||
Dolophilodes elongata Kimmins, 1955 | M | ||
Dolophilodes flaviventris Kimmins, 1955 | B, N | M | |
Dolophilodes torrentis Kimmins, 1955 | B, N | M | T, V |
Stenopsyche benaventi Navás, 1934 | I | M | T |
Stenopsyche brevata Tian & Zheng, 1989 | M, Y | T | |
Stenopsyche cazul Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | * | |
Stenopsyche himalayana Martynov, 1926 | H, I | S, Y | T, V |
Stenopsyche khasia Kimmins, 1958 | A | ||
Stenopsyche similis Ulmer, 1927 | I, N | M | |
Lype atnia Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993 | Ma, T, V | ||
Psychomyia nimmoi Schmid, 1997 | I | ||
Plectrocnemia forcipata Schmid,1965 | Y | V | |
Polyplectropus anakempat Malicky, 1995 | N | ||
Polyplectropus phrixos Malicky & Changthong, 2007 | T | ||
Polyplectropus musiriel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Polyplectropus sabael Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Arctopsyche subflava sp. nov. | * | ||
Arctopsyche tricornis Schmid, 1968 | A | M | |
Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum (Martynov, 1935) | I, N | Y | L, T, V |
Diplectrona aumel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Diplectrona aurovittata Ulmer, 1906 | A, N | S | Ma, T |
Diplectrona burha Schmid, 1961 | I, N | T, V | |
Diplectrona harpyia Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | T | ||
Diplectrona hermione Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | T, Ma | ||
Diplectrona flavospilota Mey, 1998 | V | ||
Diplectrona sanguana Kimmins, 1964 | N | ||
Cheumatopsyche charites Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1997 | T, V | ||
Cheumatopsyche chryseis Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1997 | T | ||
Cheumatopsyche cressida Malicky, 1979 | N | T | |
Cheumatopsyche dhanikari Malicky, 1979 | Andamanes | T, V | |
Cheumatopsyche janosolahi sp. nov. | * | ||
Cheumatopsyche naumanni Malicky, 1986 | I, N | T | |
Potamyia flavata (Banks, 1934) | Ti | Ma, T, V | |
Hydromanicus abdominalis sp. nov. | * | ||
Hydromanicus almansor Malicky, 1993 | M | T | |
Hydromanicus inferior Chantaramongkol & Malicky, 1995 | N | M | T |
Hydromanicus luctuosus Ulmer, 1905 | A, N | Y | T, V |
Hydromanicus remiel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | * | |
Hydromanicus seth Malicky, 1993 | M | ||
Hydromanicus umbonatus Li, 1993 | S, Y | ||
Hydromanicus aiakos Malicky, 1997 | B | M | |
Hydropsyche appendicularisMartynov, 1931 | A, N | S | L, T |
Hydropsyche atlas Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000 | I, N | ||
Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000 | I | ||
Hydropsyche briareus Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000 | T | ||
Hydropsyche bootes Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000 | T | ||
Hydropsyche ditalon Tian & Li, 1988 | I, Ti | Y | |
Hydropsyche khasigiri Oláh & Barnard, 2008 | A | ||
Hydropsyche hackeri Mey, 1998 | I | S, Y | |
Hydropsyche pallipenne Banks, 1938 | I, N | M | Ma, T |
Hydropsyche rakshakaha Oláh, 1994 | I, N | ||
Hydropsyche tabulifera Schmid, 1963 | I, N | ||
Hydropsyche uvana Mey, 1995 | I | M | T, V |
Eubasilissa maclachlani White, 1862 | N | Y, S | T, V |
Micrasema turbo Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | T | ||
Micrasema spec. | |||
Goera vaichravana Schmid, 1991 | A | ||
Goera spec. | |||
Lepidostoma armatum (Ulmer, 1905) | I | ||
Lepidostoma assamense (Mosely, 1949) | A | ||
Lepidostoma brueckmanni Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1994 | I | Y | L, T |
Lepidostoma hardiel Malicky & Mey, 2020 | A | ||
Lepidostoma moulmina Mosely, 1949 | N | M | T |
Lepidostoma serratum (Mosely, 1949) | I | ||
Lepidostoma subpanaitos sp. nov. | * | * | |
Lepidostoma yehuiah Malicky & Mey, 2020 | A | ||
Lepidostoma ylesomi Weaver, 2002 | I, N | ||
Paraphlegopteryx aykroydi Weaver, 1999 | I | ||
Moropsyche chandrabuchita Schmid, 1968 | A | ||
Moropsyche vauliah Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Aplatyphylax pumilus sp. nov. | * | ||
Adicella medaia Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | T | ||
Adicella natmataungensis sp. nov. | * | ||
Adicella spec. | |||
Triaenodes mindatensis sp. nov. | * | * | |
Triaenodes spec. | |||
Poecilopsyche duhchasana Schmid, 1968 | A | ||
Poecilopsyche spec. | |||
Setodes nakir Malicky & Mey, 2020 | * | ||
Setodes spec. | |||
Oecetis scutulata Martynov, 1936 | I, N | T | |
Oecetis maron Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2005 | M, T | ||
Marilia mogtiana Malicky, 1989 | L, T | ||
Marilia tuyetmira Oláh & Johanson, 2010 | L | ||
Anisocentropus pandora Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1992 | T | ||
81 | 45 | 62 |
The Trichoptera fauna of the Chin Hills is nearly equally divided into a group of species with a wide distribution in south-east Asia (eastern transect) and into a group whose members are inhabitants of mountain ranges in north-east India and further west (western and central transects). The equal portions of both groups in the composition of the fauna (Table
Number of species in the three latitudinal sections of table 1, and their distribution according to suborders. 7 species were only identified to genus level in Spicipalpia (1), Plenitentoria (2) and Brevitentoria (4). Species with an asterix (*) may occur in more than one column.
All species | Annulipalpia | Spicipalpia | Plenitentoria | Brevitentoria | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranges restricted to the western segment: | 42 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 4 |
Ranges restricted to the western and median segment: | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Ranges extending over all segments: | 60 | 41 | 8 | 5 | 6 |
total | 118 | 65 | 22 (+ 1) | 17 (+ 2) | 10 (+ 4) |
There are only a few distributional ranges, which are connecting the Chin Hills in the north with Xizang (e.g. Hydropsyche ditalon) or Yunnan and Sichuan (e.g. Rhyacophila assimilis, Himalopsyche navasi, Stenopsyche cazul, Hydromanicus umbonatus, Aplatyphylax pumilus sp. nov.). The species of these distributional types are considered as palearctic elements, whose occurrence in the Chin Hills is further strengthening the character of the fauna as being a mixture of species of different origins.
The mountain fauna of the Chin Hills is dominated by species of Annulipalpia. About 2/3 of the species have wide ranges. The Spicipalpia with species of Rhyacophila spp., Glossosoma spp. and Apsilochorema spp. and the Plenitenoria with species of Lepidostoma spp. have most of their ranges lying in the western transect. A number of these species are certainly endemics with ranges centred in the north-east of India.
The discovery of 19 hitherto unknown species is an interesting result. Twelve species were described by
The Trichoptera of Myanmar were summarised in a first, annotated check-list by
The authors are thankful to U Shein Gay Ngai and Aung Zaw Linn from the NTNP Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Kanpetlet for their support in conducting fieldwork and to U Htay Aung (Yangoon) for organising voyages to the Chin State.
We would like to thank S. Naumann (Berlin) for collecting caddisflies during several trips in Myanmar and for donating the material to WM and to the MfN. The country map and the map of the Natma Taung National Park were produced by J. Mey (Potsdam). J. Dunlop (MfN) corrected and improved the English text of a first draft of the manuscript. Colour slides of collecting sites were scanned by T. Schmid-Dankward (MfN). Additional photos were provided by S. Naumann. K-T. Park (Incheon) and T. Nozaki (Kanagawa) sent copies of articles on the Natma Taung National Park. They all deserve our sincere thanks, as well as B. Armitage (Panama) and T. Malm (Stockholm) for their critical input in improving the manuscript.
The financial support of the MfN for the publication of this article is acknowledged with thanks.